AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN RURAL TENNESSEE COUNTIES FROM 1962 TO 1976

Labor and Human Capital,

MANURE HANDLING COSTS AND THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PORK PRODUCTION

Simulations of possible regulation-related manure handling costs are compared to base scenario costs for the three main regions and phases of modern hog production over widely varying scale levels. The base scenario confirms previous research suggesting that in Iowa net benefits occur at small scale levels from injecting slurry stored in an outside earthern basin for corn production using a phosphorus standard. Increased transportation costs result in Iowa costs surpassing costs in Utah at higher scale levels, while costs in North Carolina are highest at all scale levels. Requiring systems to be lined and covered in Iowa and North Carolina results in proportionately greater increased costs per head in North Carolina. Adding the requirement that manure be applied according to a phosphorus standard increases costs proportionately more in Iowa at larger scale levels, but not at all at the smallest scale, and costs in Iowa surpass those in North Carolina at the largest scale. The results of all scenarios underscore the advantages enjoyed by Utah in manure handling because scales of operation there are among the largest.Livestock Production/Industries,

The Effects of the Common Agricultural. Policy on the European Community Wheat- Washing Industry and Grain Trade

The wheat-washing industry in the European Community (EC) increased the separation of wheat flour into vital wheat gluten and wheat starch from 360,000 tons (wheat equivalent) in 1980 to over 1 million tons in 1985. This expansion was facilitated by trends in relative grain prices in the EC, which are insulated from movements in world prices by a variable levy system, and by the use of better fractionation techniques. The expansion of the wheat-washing industry was responsible for most of the 2-million-ton decline in EC hard wheat imports between 1980 and 1985, and reduced EC wheat exports and corn imports by about 3.3 and 0.5 million tons. EC hard wheat imports could be totally eliminated and EC wheat exports could be further reduced by as much as 4.9 million tons annually by the mid-1990's, if EC agricultural policies favor the further expansion of this industry. In the absence of a further expansion of the EC wheat-washing industry, however, these latter trade effects for wheat would not occur and EC corn imports would increase by an additional 2 million tons

Policies to Reduce Nitrate Pollution in the European Community and Possible Effects on Livestock Production

In response to high nitrate levels in the water supply in parts of the European Community (EC), regulations to restrict farming practices have been enacted in recent years. A major EC directive, which became law in 1991 but becomes effective in 1999, attempts to restrict the amount of nitrate in the soil. This directive could reduce future livestock numbers in the EC by 12 percent. Local effects would be much higher. The projected reduction in EC livestock numbers is likely to reduce U.S. feedstuff exports and increase livestock product exports

ANALYSIS OF THE FEED-LIVESTOCK SECTOR OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

Both price incentives and increases in efficiency have been responsible for increased livestock production and feed use in the European Community. Econometric estimates from 1964 to 1979 suggest that increased efficiency was a more important factor for poultry meat, eggs, and pork, while price incentives were more important for beef and dairy. Feed demand for grains and oilseed meal responded mainly to the growth in livestock products, but was limited by increases in the use of nongrain feeds. Simulation results suggest that lower price supports would have significantly reduced milk production and feed use, while an increase in the price of oilseed meals would have had little effect on the demand for total oilseed meal

ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EC AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND DUTCH FEED COMPOSITION USING POSITIVE MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING

Empirical results support theoretical arguments favoring a "positive" mathematical programming (PMP) approach to modeling demand for feedstuffs. The model suggests that The Netherlands will continue using feedstuffs imported from outside the European Community under several policy scenarios. The feeding of corn increases the most in all scenario

MANURE HANDLING COSTS AND THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PORK PRODUCTION

Simulations of possible regulation-related manure handling costs are compared to base scenario costs for the three main regions and phases of modern hog production over widely varying scale levels. The base scenario confirms previous research suggesting that in Iowa net benefits occur at small scale levels from injecting slurry stored in an outside earthern basin for corn production using a phosphorus standard. Increased transportation costs result in Iowa costs surpassing costs in Utah at higher scale levels, while costs in North Carolina are highest at all scale levels. Requiring systems to be lined and covered in Iowa and North Carolina results in proportionately greater increased costs per head in North Carolina. Adding the requirement that manure be applied according to a phosphorus standard increases costs proportionately more in Iowa at larger scale levels, but not at all at the smallest scale, and costs in Iowa surpass those in North Carolina at the largest scale. The results of all scenarios underscore the advantages enjoyed by Utah in manure handling because scales of operation there are among the largest