Territorial and Extraterritorial Trigeminocardiac Reflex: A Review for the Neurosurgeon and a Type IV Reflex Vignette

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a complex and, sometimes, fatal event triggered by overstimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TN) and its territorial and spinal cord branches. We reviewed and compiled for the neurosurgeon key aspects of the TCR that include a novel and straightforward classification, as well as morphophysiology, pathophysiology, neuromonitoring and neuromodulation features. Further, we present intraoperative data from a patient who developed extraterritorial, or type IV, TCR while undergoing a cervical surgery. TCR complexity, severity and unwanted outcomes indicate that this event should not be underestimated or overlooked in the surgical room. Timely TCR recognition in surgical settings is valuable for applying effective intraoperative management to prevent catastrophic outcomes

Colombia Médica is now indexed in MEDLINE/Pubmed: A dream come true.

It was said some years ago that «the shortest line inscience, as well as in love, is not the straight one»1. Thisturned out to be true for Acta Médica del Valle, ascientific journal launched in Cali, Colombia in 1970,when Rodrigo Guerrero et al., dreamt of having aperiodical to disseminate medical information –primarily in southwestern Colombia. Moreover, JorgeLega Siccar, president of this journal’s first editorialcommittee, envisioned that manuscripts coming fromthe «whole republic», as well as from overseas, wouldarrive at the editorial office of the newly born scientificjournal. And they accomplished it

Abnormality of motor cortex excitability in peripherally induced dystonia

It is widely accepted that peripheral trauma such as soft tissue injuries can trigger dystonia, although little is known about the underlying mechanism. Because peripheral injury only rarely appears to elicit dystonia, a predisposing vulnerability in cortical motor areas might play a role. Using single and paired-pulse pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, we evaluated motor cortex excitability of a hand muscle in a patient with peripherally induced foot dystonia, in her brother with craniocervical dystonia, and in her unaffected sister, and compared their results to those from a group of normal subjects. In the patient with peripherally induced dystonia, we found a paradoxical intracortical facilitation at short interstimulus intervals of 3 and 5 milliseconds, at which regular intracortical inhibition (ICI) occurred in healthy subjects. These findings suggest that the foot dystonia may have been precipitated as the result of a preexisting abnormality of motor cortex excitability. Furthermore, the abnormality of ICI in her brother and sister indicates that altered motor excitability may be a hereditary predisposition. The study demonstrates that the paired-pulse technique is a useful tool to assess individual vulnerability, which can be particularly relevant when the causal association between trauma and dystonia is less evident

El impacto del factor de impacto: ¿mito o realidad?

La evaluación de la producción científica latinoamericana ha pasado por varias etapas, siendo el factor de impacto numérico (FIN), el método más publicitado en la actualidad. Infortunadamente, dicho FIN no sirve para medir de forma adecuada, la ciencia que se basa en el prestigio sino que es, eminentemente, una manera de evaluar la popularidad de una revista científica. Una importante cantidad de sesgos idiomáticos, matemáticos y científicos en general, impiden el uso del FIN como medida bibliométrica latinoamericana. Nuevos métodos cienciométricos como la «webometría» u otros, desarrollados de una manera más científica que los utilizados por el Institute of Scientific Information, como la #171Escala de Page#187 y el «Factor Y» parecen ofrecer resultados más consistentes, a la fecha, que los obtenidos con el FIN. Por ello, se debe continuar con el análisis y, probablemente, con la reevaluación del FIN como medida cienciométrica universal, sobre todo en países hispano-hablantes, de la misma forma como ya se está haciendo en algunos círculos académicos y científicos del, así denominado, primer mundo.The evaluation of scientific production in Latin America has had several eras being the numerical impact factor (FIN) the one that became the most popular one in recent years; unfortunately, the FIN measures journal popularity more than journal prestige. Thus, a lot of idiomatic, mathematical and scientific biases prevent the use of the FIN as a Latin American bibliometric measurement. New scienciometric methods such as webometrics and the like developed in more scientific way that than obtained by the Institute of Scientific Information must be considered from now on. It includes the Page Rank and the Y Factor both of which seem to give more consistent results than those obtained with the FIN. Due to this, it is mandatory to continue the analysis and, hopefully, to get a re-evaluation of the FIN as an universal scienciometric measure, mostly in Spanish-speaking countries as it has already been advanced in some academic and scientific circles of the so-called first world

Higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion and ectomorphism: New biomarkers for human creativity in developing rural areas

The highly sensitive trait present in animals, has also been proposed as a human neurobiological trait. People having such trait can process larger amounts of sensory information than usual, making it an excellent attribute that allows to pick up subtle environmental details and cues. Furthermore, this trait correlates to some sort of giftedness such as higher perception, inventiveness, imagination and creativity. We present evidences that support the existance of key neural connectivity between the mentioned trait, higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion, ectomorphism and creativity. The neurobiological and behavioral implications that these biomarkers have in people living in developing rural areas are discussed as well