Can Public Venture Capital Support Sustainability in the Social Economy? Evidence from the Social Innovation Fund.

The Social Innovation Fund (SIF) - funded by Scottish Government and the European Social Fund - adopts a ‘public venture capital’ model to support socially innovative organisations. This article critically explores the use of public venture capital programmes to fund and grow the social economy through the case study of Heavy Sound Community Interest Company. We conclude that, while SIF funding helped Heavy Sound to scale-up an effective intervention in the short term, further significant scaling might undermine the project’s success and long-term sustainability was not assured. We call for further research into the long-term consequences of public venture capital programmes coming to an end, including coordinated evaluation of the SIF

Non-AIDS defining cancers in the D:A:D Study-time trends and predictors of survival : a cohort study

BACKGROUND:Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we described the incidence of NADC from 2004-2010, and described subsequent mortality and predictors of these.METHODS:Individuals were followed from 1st January 2004/enrolment in study, until the earliest of a new NADC, 1st February 2010, death or six months after the patient's last visit. Incidence rates were estimated for each year of follow-up, overall and stratified by gender, age and mode of HIV acquisition. Cumulative risk of mortality following NADC diagnosis was summarised using Kaplan-Meier methods, with follow-up for these analyses from the date of NADC diagnosis until the patient's death, 1st February 2010 or 6 months after the patient's last visit. Factors associated with mortality following NADC diagnosis were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS:Over 176,775 person-years (PY), 880 (2.1%) patients developed a new NADC (incidence: 4.98/1000PY [95% confidence interval 4.65, 5.31]). Over a third of these patients (327, 37.2%) had died by 1st February 2010. Time trends for lung cancer, anal cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma were broadly consistent. Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality estimates at 1, 3 and 5 years after NADC diagnosis were 28.2% [95% CI 25.1-31.2], 42.0% [38.2-45.8] and 47.3% [42.4-52.2], respectively. Significant predictors of poorer survival after diagnosis of NADC were lung cancer (compared to other cancer types), male gender, non-white ethnicity, and smoking status. Later year of diagnosis and higher CD4 count at NADC diagnosis were associated with improved survival. The incidence of NADC remained stable over the period 2004-2010 in this large observational cohort.CONCLUSIONS:The prognosis after diagnosis of NADC, in particular lung cancer and disseminated cancer, is poor but has improved somewhat over time. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and low CD4 counts, were associated with mortality following a diagnosis of NADC

Allaitement maternel: incidence et durée en communauté française

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Neutron-induced reactions contributing to the background in γ-ray astrophysics missions

Nuclear reactions induced by neutrons lead to the delayed emission of γ rays contributing to the instrumental background in γ-ray astrophysics missions in space. The cross sections for the reactions 27Al(n,2p)26Na, 27Al(n,α)24Na, and 56Fe(n,p)56Mn were measured up to a neutron energy of 50 or 65 MeV. A simple model was developed that allows one to extrapolate cross sections to higher energies. The magnitude of the instrumental background lines induced in the detectors of ESA's future INTEGRAL mission is deduced from our measurements.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Measurement of cross-sections for the 9Be(n,3n)7Be and 56Fe(n,p)56Mn reactions producing background lines in γ-ray astrophysics

The reactions 9Be(n,3n)7Be and 56Fe(n,p)56Mn were measured between 28 and 68 MeV and at 28 MeV, respectively. These reactions lead to the emission of γ-rays (478, 847, 1811 keV) that may be disturbing in γ-ray astrophysics missions. Consequences regarding the induced background in detectors are drawn. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Measurement of the 13N +12,13C elastic scattering

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Neutron induced background in the γ-ray lines of astrophysical interest

Neutrons produced close to the Ge detectors of SPI can induce nuclear reactions, leading to the emission of β-delayed γ-rays, which is a possible cause of background in the γ-ray lines of astrophysical interest © 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Gordon and Breach Science Publishers imprint.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Measurement of resonance widths in 20Na using the 19Ne + p elastic scattering

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Comparative experimental study of the mirror 13N+12C and 13C+12C elastic scatterings

The N13 + C12 and C13 + C12 elastic cross sections are measured at the center-of-mass energies of 7.8, 9.6, and 14.2 MeV, using radioactive N13 and stable C13 beams and position-sensitive solid-state detectors. These data are analyzed with the optical model assuming the same real central part of the nuclear potential for both systems as suggested by charge symmetry. The N13 + C12 angular distributions display a significant backward rise which arises from a parity dependence of the nucleus-nucleus interaction, as for the mirror C13 + C12 system. The corresponding parity terms in both potentials are similar when the different charges of the exchanged nucleons and their different binding energies are properly taken into account. A smaller imaginary part is obtained for N13 + C12 than for C13 + C12, which might be due to a smaller number of open two-body inelastic and direct reaction channels. © 1995 The American Physical Society.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

One-step energy scanning of wide low-lying 1- resonances in 13C+p and 13N+p scattering

Thick polyethylene targets have been bombarded with 8.2 MeV 13C and 13N beams accelerated by a cyclotron, i.e. having a relatively large energy spread of about 200 keV. Recoil protons have been detected in order to observe the Jπ=1- wide resonances at E*=8.06 and 5.17 MeV in the 14N and 14O compound nuclei, respectively. It is shown that accurate values of the energy, width and spin of the resonant states can be obtained under experimental conditions which, at first glance, may seem inappropriate. The method is well suited for resonance studies using radioactive beams. The measured width of the 14N resonance (Λ=33.7±1.0 keV) disagrees with a recent measurement (Λ=23 keV). The energy of the 14O resonance was determined to be Ec.m.=526±3 keV instead of 545±10 keV as quoted in the literature. A new paramater-free microscopic calculation was undertaken to solve an apparent discrepancy between the experimental proton width and a previous calculation. © 1992.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe