Development and features of female self-employment in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Transition period, experienced by many countries, has been reflected on the loss of the job security reckoned to be the utmost achievement of the socialist and non-market economies. Instead, the labour market trends and changes during 1990s caused many employees to lose their jobs not only as the surplus work force but as an economic surplus as well. At the same time, new job opportunities decreased, which was primarily reflected on the female labour. Therefore, self-employment has become the main source of new employment that, at the same time, contributes to unemployment rate reduction in many countries. One can conclude that the level of female entrepreneurs’ participation in economic development of transition countries is largely related to the conditions in which they work, to support provided by their state, to development of legal regulations and to the rate at which the economic reforms are implemented. With respect to this, one can make clear distinctions between transition countries in which reforms are implemented more slowly and those ones in which such process is carried out more quickly. It is hard to generalize and make a sole conclusion for the most of transition economies. Therefore, the authors specifically chose to analyse and examine the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which with its specificities differs from some other countries in the region. There is a strong synergy in Bosnia and Herzegovina between a social role of the woman, her education, profession and position in labour marke

An Analysis of Factors Influencing Employee Job Satisfaction in a Public Sector

Public enterprises can only be successful when they base their business strategy and their organizational processes on the satisfaction of their employees. The subject of this research is an analysis of job satisfaction in public sector in Belgrade region in two independent time periods (in 2017 and 2010). The aim of the research was to analyse whether the salary, cooperation with closest associates, and possibility of promotion, remuneration policy, cooperation and good relationships with superiors and nature of the job are directly and positively associated with total job satisfaction. The recent study in 2017 was carried out on 508 public employees on lower positions of leading public sector enterpises. The data was analysed by correlation and regression analysis in the statistical software package SPSS. In the last seven years, the increase in job satisfaction in regard to satisfaction with salaries, the promotion on a hierarchical scale, remuneration policy and the nature of the job, has been observed. On the other hand, the results show that the employees’ satisfaction with cooperation with their closest associates or cooperation and relations with superiors has not been improved. Considering the results of the data, the researchers are able to draw a conclusion which is also consistent with the prevous research, that the analysed factors have a direct and positive influence on the job satisfaction. The conclusions point out that employee job satisfaction analysis can be a powerful tool to enhance organizational performance as well as guidance for the knowledgeable allocation of resources. This study contributes to the analysis of job satisfaction in public sector, which has not been investigated enough, as opposed to job satisfaction in private, for-profit corporations

New views on strategic management

Globalisation is the only economic way for national economies all around the world. The globalisation process is marked by the following characteristics: uneven industrial development, intensive application of information and communications technologies (ICT), the development of innovations, the improvement of productivity, and the need to increase the level of competitiveness. As a result of increased ICT application in business, a new business model - sharing economy - has been established and it is increasingly present in practice. However, these changes have significantly influenced the end users themselves who are more and more demanding when using the Internet, smart phones and tablets while shopping for goods or services. With a view to developing competitiveness, developing countries have to follow the changes of the global market, but they also have to create their own national economy growth models. Alongside national economies, companies also have to adapt to new trends. Companies today face great challenges set to them by both the market and the end users

Novi pogledi na strategijski menadžment

Globalisation is the only economic way for national economies all around the world. The globalisation process is marked by the following characteristics: uneven industrial development, intensive application of information and communications technologies (ICT), the development of innovations, the improvement of productivity, and the need to increase the level of competitiveness. As a result of increased ICT application in business, a new business model - sharing economy - has been established and it is increasingly present in practice. However, these changes have significantly influenced the end users themselves who are more and more demanding when using the Internet, smart phones and tablets while shopping for goods or services. With a view to developing competitiveness, developing countries have to follow the changes of the global market, but they also have to create their own national economy growth models. Alongside national economies, companies also have to adapt to new trends. Companies today face great challenges set to them by both the market and the end users.Globalizacija predstavlja jedini ekonomski put nacionalnim ekonomijama širom sveta. Proces globalizacije je obeležen sledećim karakteristikama: neravnomerni privredni razvoj, intenzivna implementacija informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija (IKT), razvoj inovacija, unapređenje produktivnosti, kao i neophodnost podizanja nivoa konkurentnosti. Kao rezultat sve veće primene IKT u poslovanju došlo je do uspostavljanja novog modela poslovanja sharing economy, koji je sve više zastupljen u praksi. Međutim, ove premene su značajno uticale i na same krajnje korisnike koji su sve zahtevniji u korišćenju interneta, pametnih telefona, tableta prilikom kupovine proizvoda ili usluga. U funkciji unapređenja konkurentnosti zemlje u razvoju moraju da prate promene globalnog tržišta, ali i da kreiraju sopstvene modele rasta svojih nacionalnih ekonomija. Osim nacionalnih ekonomija i preduzeća moraju da se prilagođavaju novonastalim trendovima. Preduzeća su danas pred velikim izazovima koje od njih postavljaju tržište, ali i krajnji korisnici

The efficiency analysis in small wineries in the Republic of Serbia

This paper contains the attempt to evaluate the activity development efficiency of small wineries in the Republic of Serbia as insufficiently used development potential of one industry branch. Small wineries represent an activity which is currently being developed and it is expected that it will, as it is the case in developed countries, contribute to the total economic development and employment, development of brand as recognizable brand of wine from this region and start further recognizable development of this branch as family business in the country and abroad. The analysis was performed using the non-parametric linear programming model DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The aim of this paper is that, using the analysis of financial statements and the effectiveness of representative wineries belonging to the category of small enterprises, a rational strategic decision-making is provided

Utjecaj ljudskog kapitala na učinkovitost ekološke proizvodnje mlijeka

Over the past decade, a growing interest of consumers in the consumption of organic milk has been recognized, mostly because of its positive effect on human health, besides other various positive effects. The main goal of organic milk production is to bring agricultural production in close alignment with the requirements of a sustainable system. Human capital in organic farming is an important factor as it significantly influences production and financial results. As an important factor in the production, socio-economic characteristics of producers considerably determine possibilities of the future development of this system of production in a certain country. Focusing on the aspect of human capital, this paper examines the possibilities of the development of organic agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia. The research has been conducted on the territory of Serbia on individual farms which are certified for organic farming. Following the findings, the authors conclude that human capital in organic milk production of the Republic of Serbia does not represent a limiting factor in the future development of this system and that human capital in terms of learning and education, experience and expertise, innovation and creativity, and sources of knowledge has a positive relationship with the business performance.U posljednjem desetljeću raste interes potrošača za konzumaciju ekološki proizvedenog mlijeka, zbog njegovog pozitivnog učinka na zdravlje ljudi, ali i brojnih drugih pozitivnih učinaka. Glavni cilj ekološke proizvodnje mlijeka je uskladiti poljoprivrednu proizvodnju sa zahtjevima održivog sustava. Ljudski kapital u ekološkoj poljoprivredi važan je čimbenik jer značajno utječe na proizvodne i financijske rezultate. Kao važan čimbenik u proizvodnji, socio-ekonomske karakteristike proizvođača uvelike određuju mogućnosti budućeg razvoja ovog sustava proizvodnje u određenoj zemlji. Fokusirajući se na aspekt ljudskog kapitala, ovo istraživanje ispituje mogućnosti razvoja ekološke poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Republici Srbiji. Istraživanje je provedeno na području Republike Srbije na individualnim gospodarstvima koja su certificirana za ekološku poljoprivredu. Slijedom dobivenih rezultata, autori zaključuju da ljudski kapital u ekološkoj proizvodnji mlijeka Republike Srbije nije ograničavajući faktor u budućem razvoju ovog sustava, te da ljudski kapital u smislu učenja i obrazovanja, iskustva i stručnosti, inovativnosti i kreativnosti i izvorima znanja imaju pozitivan odnos s poslovnim učinkom

Toxicological assessment of honey from conventional and organic production and risk assessment for public health

Honey has become a focal point of concern due to the potential presence of pesticide residues originating from agricultural practices. This study undertakes a comprehensive toxicological assessment of pesticide residues in conventional and organic honey, as well as a risk assessment employing estimated daily intakes (EDIs) in the evaluation of the potential risks of these agrochemicals to public health. A total of 200 honey samples originating from conventional and organic producers were collected and analyzed by a Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe method (QuEChERS). Analysis of organic honey didn’t detect any residue of investigated pesticides. The most detected pesticides in conventional honey samples were boscalid (0.01 μg/kg), and coumaphos ranging between 0.012 μg/kg to 0.016 μg/kg, respectively. Detected pesticides such as acetamiprid, pyraclostrobin, thiacloprid, and azoxystrobin were under the reporting level (RL). Results obtained by EDI indicated that all investigated honey samples are safe for human consumption. In conclusion, this research contributes to the understanding of the toxicological implications of pesticide residues in both conventional and organic honey consumption. By delineating the potential health hazards associated with each type, this study aims to provide consumers, regulators, and beekeeping industries with valuable insights to make informed decisions that safeguard human health while promoting sustainable agricultural practices

The impact of strategic planning process on job satisfaction in public enterprises

The basic function and task of the public sector is to support the development of the national economy and the realization of public interest. This implies permanent improvement of activities in the area of human resources management and a modern approach to public sector management. Human resources management contributes to the achievement of strategic goals by attracting, retaining high-quality and professional employees and motivating them to maximize their potentials in the workplace in order to achieve organizational goals. Education and training of employees, motivation and rewarding system, selection process and evaluation for successfully completed work assignments represent an important role in this process. The role of managers is to create an organizational climate where all employees are satisfied with their job, interested in continuous learning, as well as expanding their knowledge and skills in order to contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. Job satisfaction is a complex attitude that encompasses certain assumptions and beliefs about the job, feelings toward the job, and job evaluation. Job satisfaction is related to the content of work, to the physical and social working conditions and to the personality traits of employees, their abilities and emotions. The aim of the empirical study presented in this paper is to evaluate job satisfaction of employees in public enterprises in the sample and to identify the parameters of overall job satisfaction. Statistical analysis of obtained survey results indicates the importance of individual performance satisfaction parameters, which - if utilized adequately - could increase the degree of overall job satisfaction

Smart Visualization of Medical Images as a Tool in the Function of Education in Neuroradiology

The smart visualization of medical images (SVMI) model is based on multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) data sets and can provide a clearer view of changes in the brain, such as tumors (expansive changes), bleeding, and ischemia on native imaging (i.e., a non-contrast MDCT scan). The new SVMI method provides a more precise representation of the brain image by hiding pixels that are not carrying information and rescaling and coloring the range of pixels essential for detecting and visualizing the disease. In addition, SVMI can be used to avoid the additional exposure of patients to ionizing radiation, which can lead to the occurrence of allergic reactions due to the contrast media administration. Results of the SVMI model were compared with the final diagnosis of the disease after additional diagnostics and confirmation by neuroradiologists, who are highly trained physicians with many years of experience. The application of the realized and presented SVMI model can optimize the engagement of material, medical, and human resources and has the potential for general application in medical training, education, and clinical research

Willingness to pay for organic products on the Serbian market

The purpose of the paper is to analyze general information on consumption and socio-demographic variables in relation to the willingness to pay (WTP) for organic products in the Republic of Serbia. The study is based on the survey responses of 398 individuals and the data obtained from the survey was analyzed using the chi-square test. The factors significantly affecting WTP premium prices for organic products include higher disposable household income, older age group, gender, urban surroundings, larger household size and higher educational level. Male and female consumers, living in towns, in a family of up to 4 persons, with higher education, and within the income range of 500-2,000 euro a month would be willing to pay a premium up to 20% once a week for organic products. This paper provides further insight into WTP for organic products among consumers from a developing country