Protective effect of the DNA vaccine encoding the major house dust mite allergens on allergic inflammation in the murine model of house dust mite allergy

BACKGROUND: Vaccination with naked DNA encoding antigen induces cellular and humoral immunity characterized by the activation of specific Th1 cells. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of vaccination with mixed naked DNA plasmids encoding Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 3, Der f 1, Der f 2, and Der f 3, the major house dust mite allergens on the allergic inflammation to the whole house dust mites (HDM) crude extract. METHODS: Three hundred micrograms of these gene mixtures were injected into muscle of BALB/c mice. Control mice were injected with the pcDNA 3.1 blank vector. After 3 weeks, the mice were actively sensitized and inhaled with the whole house dust mite extract intranasally. RESULTS: The vaccinated mice showed a significantly decreased synthesis of total and HDM-specific IgE compared with controls. Analysis of the cytokine profile of lymphocytes after challenge with HDM crude extract revealed that mRNA expression of interferon-γ was higher in the vaccinated mice than in the controls. Reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and the prominent infiltration of CD8+ T cells were observed in histology of lung tissue from the vaccinated mice. CONCLUSION: Vaccination with DNA encoding the major house dust mite allergens provides a promising approach for treating allergic responses to whole house dust mite allergens

The seeded growth of graphene

In this paper, we demonstrate the seeded growth of graphene under a plasma chemical vapor deposition condition. First, we fabricate graphene nanopowders (~5 nm) by ball-milling commercial multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The graphene nanoparticles were subsequently subject to a direct current plasma generated in a 100 Torr 10%CH(4) - 90%H(2) gas mixture. The plasma growth enlarged, over one hour, the nuclei to graphene sheets larger than one hundred nm(2) in area. Characterization by electron and X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images provide evidence for the presence of monolayer graphene sheets

Enzymatic production of indigestible maltooligosaccharides using glucansucrases from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512FMCM and B-1355CF10

OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:A201702459RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200003ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A079459CITE_RATE:FILENAME:동구.pdfDEPT_NM:국제농업기술학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:FILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/fe71fb5d-1d6e-4cb2-8b2b-28f93b1bca3c/linkCONFIRM:

Anaphylaxis to husband's seminal plasma and treatment by local desensitization

Hypersensitivity to human seminal fluid is rare but can be life threatening. We report a case of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to seminal plasma that was diagnosed by skin prick tests and successfully treated by local desensitization. A 32-year-old woman suffering from angioedema and hypotension after exposure to semen was treated with epinephrine upon admission. Skin prick tests and immunoblotting for IgE binding components showed that she was sensitized to her husband's seminal plasma. Local desensitization, which persisted for six months, was achieved by intravaginal administration of serial dilutions of her husband's seminal plasma

Microfabrication of Three-Dimensional Complex Structures for Biomedical Applications

The evolution of microfabrication has greatly contributed to the advances in biology and medicine, as it can interface with and manipulate the interactions between biological systems and materials with micrometer-scale precision. In addition, microfabrication allows the development of new materials with unique properties by providing the tools to tailor defined topography as well as overall geometry. In the field of tissue engineering, to provide suitable functional microenvironments for cells or tissues, there is a great need to structure artificial tissue constructs at the micrometer scale. In addition, micrometer-sized reactors with defined shape and spatial chemistries can be utilized for diagnostic applications to concentrate or enrich rare biomolecules or cells, otherwise not detectable. The dissertation reports on the development of novel multifunctional biomaterials to overcome current challenges in microfabrication techniques such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, highlighted in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, we present a highly biocompatible and elastic bioink for fabrication of complex biomimetic structures such as vascularized cardiac tissue constructs. The 3D bioprinting of soft tissues has been challenging primarily due to the lack of suitable bioinks. To address these shortcomings, we use recombinant human tropoelastin as a novel bioink with high printability, biocompatibility, biomimicry, and proper mechanical properties. Using the freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) printing method, we demonstrate bioprinting vascularized cardiac constructs using two-nozzles and we extensively characterize their functions in vitro and in vivo. In Chapter 3, we explore a scalable method to fabricate spatially functionalized microparticles for “lab on a particle” applications. For the design of a novel high throughput microfabrication method, we highlight the important role of thermodynamic factors, such as temperature and polymer concentrations, on intermolecular interactions, and therefore, the phase-separation behavior of a polymer mixture. These particles are utilized to analyze secretion phenotypes and heterogeneity of CHO DP-12 cells and to sort rare populations of high-yielding producer cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). In Chapter 4, we prove the broad generalizability of this lab-on-a-particle platform by demonstrating their ability to screen and sort primary human T cells as well as genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells based on cytokine production. Overall, we believe the work presented here demonstrates the importance and utility of microfabrication techniques, especially 3D bioprinting and microfluidics. Combined with novel biomaterials, microfabrication methods can significantly upgrade conventional platforms, such that we can better recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment for tissue engineering or suggest an entirely new technology as with lab-on-a particle technology for single-cell analysis and sorting

Web-based algorithm for cylindricity evaluation using support vector machine learning

► We model cylindricity evaluation using support vector machine learning. ► Specific kernel functions are studied in this paper. ► We propose an algorithm based on this model. ► Computational experiment shows that the algorithm is robust. This paper introduces a cylindricity evaluation algorithm based on support vector machine learning with a specific kernel function, referred to as SVR, as a viable alternative to traditional least square method (LSQ) and non-linear programming algorithm (NLP). Using the theory of support vector machine regression, the proposed algorithm in this paper provides more robust evaluation in terms of CPU time and accuracy than NLP and this is supported by computational experiments. Interestingly, it has been shown that the SVR significantly outperforms LSQ in terms of the accuracy while it can evaluate the cylindricity in a more robust fashion than NLP when the variance of the data points increases. The robust nature of the proposed algorithm is expected because it converts the original nonlinear problem with nonlinear constraints into other nonlinear problem with linear constraints. In addition, the proposed algorithm is programmed using Java Runtime Environment to provide users with a Web based open source environment. In a real-world setting, this would provide manufacturers with an algorithm that can be trusted to give the correct answer rather than making a good part rejected because of inaccurate computational results

Scalable Fabrication and Use of 3D Structured Microparticles Spatially Functionalized with Biomolecules

Microparticles with defined shapes and spatial chemical modification can interface with cells and tissues at the cellular scale. However, conventional methods to fabricate shaped microparticles have trade-offs between the throughput of manufacture and the precision of particle shape and chemical functionalization. Here, we achieved scalable production of hydrogel microparticles at rates of greater than 40 million/hour with localized surface chemistry using a parallelized step emulsification device and temperature-induced phase-separation. The approach harnesses a polymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) which conditionally phase separates within microfluidically generated droplets. Following droplet formation, phase separation is induced and phase separated droplets are subsequently cross-linked to form uniform crescent and hollow shell particles with gelatin functionalization on the boundary of the cavity. The gelatin localization enabled deterministic cell loading in subnanoliter-sized crescent-shaped particles, which we refer to as nanovials, with cavity dimensions tuned to the size of cells. Loading on nanovials also imparted improved cell viability during analysis and sorting using standard fluorescence activated cell sorters, presumably by protecting cells from shear stress. This localization effect was further exploited to selectively functionalize capture antibodies to nanovial cavities enabling single-cell secretion assays with reduced cross-talk in a simplified format