Enriched Morita theory of monoids in a closed symmetric monoidal category

We develop Morita theory of monoids in a closed symmetric monoidal category, in the context of enriched category theory

Image Anomaly Detection and Localization with Position and Neighborhood Information

Anomaly detection and localization are essential in many areas, where collecting enough anomalous samples for training is almost impossible. To overcome this difficulty, many existing methods use a pre-trained network to encode input images and non-parametric modeling to estimate the encoded feature distribution. In the modeling process, however, they overlook that position and neighborhood information affect the distribution of normal features. To use the information, in this paper, the normal distribution is estimated with conditional probability given neighborhood features, which is modeled with a multi-layer perceptron network. At the same time, positional information can be used by building a histogram of representative features at each position. While existing methods simply resize the anomaly map into the resolution of an input image, the proposed method uses an additional refine network that is trained from synthetic anomaly images to perform better interpolation considering the shape and edge of the input image. For the popular industrial dataset, MVTec AD benchmark, the experimental results show \textbf{99.52\%} and \textbf{98.91\%} AUROC scores in anomaly detection and localization, which is state-of-the-art performance

Atomic-scale characterization of mature HIV-1 capsid stabilization by inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆)

Inositol hexakisphosphates (IP6) are cellular cofactors that promote the assembly of mature capsids of HIV. These negatively charged molecules coordinate an electropositive ring of arginines at the center of pores distributed throughout the capsid surface. Kinetic studies indicate that the binding of IP6 increases the stable lifetimes of the capsid by several orders of magnitude from minutes to hours. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we uncover the mechanisms that underlie the unusually high stability of mature capsids in complex with IP6. We find that capsid hexamers and pentamers have differential binding modes for IP6. Ligand density calculations show three sites of interaction with IP6 including at a known capsid inhibitor binding pocket. Free energy calculations demonstrate that IP6 preferentially stabilizes pentamers over hexamers to enhance fullerene modes of assembly. These results elucidate the molecular role of IP6 in stabilizing and assembling the retroviral capsid

Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Using Polycrystalline Core-Shell-Mimicked Nanograins

Making small nanograins in polycrystalline organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) films is critical to improving the luminescent efficiency in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). 3D polycrystalline OIHPs have fundamental limitations related to exciton binding energy and exciton diffusion length. At the same time, passivating the defects at the grain boundaries is also critical when the grain size becomes smaller. Molecular additives can be incorporated to shield the nanograins to suppress defects at grain boundaries; however, unevenly distributed molecular additives can cause imbalanced charge distribution and inefficient local defect passivation in polycrystalline OIHP films. Here, a kinetically controlled polycrystalline organic-shielded nanograin (OSN) film with a uniformly distributed organic semiconducting additive (2,2 ',2 ''-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole), TPBI) is developed mimicking core-shell nanoparticles. The OSN film causes improved photophysical and electroluminescent properties with improved light out-coupling by possessing a low refractive index. Finally, highly improved electroluminescent efficiencies of 21.81% ph el(-1) and 87.35 cd A(-1) are achieved with a half-sphere lens and four-time increased half-lifetime in polycrystalline PeLEDs. This strategy to make homogeneous, defect-healed polycrystalline core-shell-mimicked nanograin film with better optical out-coupling will provide a simple and efficient way to make highly efficient perovskite polycrystal films and their optoelectronics devices.

Characterizing the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diodes

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are being widely studied as a light-absorber for high-efficiency solar cells. With efforts being made throughout the globe, the power conversion efficiency of MHP solar cells has recently soared up to 25.2%. MHPs are now being spotlighted as a next-generation light-emitter as well. Their high color purity and solution-processability are of particular interest for display applications, which in general benefit from wide color gamut and low-cost high-resolution subpixel patterning. For this reason, research activities on perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are rapidly growing, and their external quantum efficiencies have been dramatically improved to over 20%. As more and more research groups with different backgrounds are working on these perovskite optoelectronic devices, the demand is growing for standard methods for accurate efficiency measurement that can be agreed upon across the disciplines and, at the same time, can be realized easily in the lab environment with due diligence. Herein, optoelectronic characterization methods are revisited from the viewpoint of MHP solar cells and LEDs. General efficiency measurement practices are first reviewed, common sources of errors are introduced, and guidelines for avoiding or minimizing those errors are then suggested to help researchers in fields develop the best measurement practice.

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good