1,641 research outputs found
The Ground State Energy of Dilute Bose Gas in Potentials with Positive Scattering Length
The leading term of the ground state energy/particle of a dilute gas of
bosons with mass in the thermodynamic limit is when
the density of the gas is , the interaction potential is non-negative and
the scattering length is positive. In this paper, we generalize the upper
bound part of this result to any interaction potential with positive scattering
length, i.e, and the lower bound part to some interaction potentials with
shallow and/or narrow negative parts.Comment: Latex 28 page
The ground state energy of the weakly interacting Bose gas at high density
We prove the Lee-Huang-Yang formula for the ground state energy of the 3D
Bose gas with repulsive interactions described by the exponential function, in
a simultaneous limit of weak coupling and high density. In particular, we show
that the Bogoliubov approximation is exact in an appropriate parameter regime,
as far as the ground state energy is concerned.Comment: RevTeX4, 16 page
Free Energies of Dilute Bose gases: upper bound
We derive a upper bound on the free energy of a Bose gas system at density
and temperature . In combination with the lower bound derived
previously by Seiringer \cite{RS1}, our result proves that in the low density
limit, i.e., when , where denotes the scattering length of
the pair-interaction potential, the leading term of the free energy
difference per volume between interacting and ideal Bose gases is equal to
4\pi a (2\rho^2-[\rho-\rhoc]^2_+). Here, \rhoc(T) denotes the critical
density for Bose-Einstein condensation (for the ideal gas), and
denotes the positive part.Comment: 56 pages, no figure
Skyrmions in Higher Landau Levels
We calculate the energies of quasiparticles with large numbers of reversed
spins (``skyrmions'') for odd integer filling factors 2k+1, k is greater than
or equals 1. We find, in contrast with the known result for filling factor
equals 1 (k = 0), that these quasiparticles always have higher energy than the
fully polarized ones and hence are not the low energy charged excitations, even
at small Zeeman energies. It follows that skyrmions are the relevant
quasiparticles only at filling factors 1, 1/3 and 1/5.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe
The Second Order Upper Bound for the Ground Energy of a Bose Gas
Consider bosons in a finite box
interacting via a two-body smooth repulsive short range potential. We construct
a variational state which gives the following upper bound on the ground state
energy per particle where is the scattering
length of the potential. Previously, an upper bound of the form
for some constant was obtained in \cite{ESY}. Our result proves the
upper bound of the the prediction by Lee-Yang \cite{LYang} and Lee-Huang-Yang
\cite{LHY}.Comment: 62 pages, no figure
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Physical principles of ion-beam processing of polymeric materials and applications
Irradiation of polymeric materials with energetic ions in the range of several hundreds of keV to several MeV causes drastic changes in physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Studies indicate that irradiation produces many active radicals which then react with each other, transforming spaghetti-like tangled polymer chains into a highly cross-linked network structure. Analysis of experimental data shows that the most important parameter for cross-linking is the deposited energy density along the ion track, often expressed in terms of linear energy transfer (LET) in units of eV/nm. High LET produces a high number of free radicals over many neighboring molecular chains and thereby facilitates cross-linking. On the other hand, under low LET conditions, radicals are produced so sparsely that cross-linking efficiency decreases. Moreover, the deposited energy in the chain often leads to chain scission when there are no radicals in the neighboring chains for crosslinking. This paper reviews the current understanding of cross-linking mechanisms in terms of nuclear and electronic stopping and their impact on materials` properties
effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens
Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are considered potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. The efficacy of butyric acid on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was tested in two studies. The effect of dietary butyrate on the ability to withstand coccidial oocyte challenge also was investigated. In experiment 1, male broiler chickens were fed diets supplemented with 0 or 11 ppm virginiamycin or 0.2 or 0.4% butyric acid (as mono-, di-, and triglyceride). In experiment 2, broilers were fed bacitracin methylene disalicylate or 0.1 or 0.2% butyric acid. In another trial, birds vaccinated against coccidiosis were challenged with oocytes at 21 d and examined 6 d later. In experiment 1, diet treatments had no effect on body weight gain. Feed intake of the birds fed 0.4% butyric acid was decreased (P < 0.01) compared with birds fed the nonmedicated diet during the starter period, whereas birds fed 0.2% butyric acid had similar feed intake to the control birds. In experiment 2, diet treatments did not affect the performance of broiler chicks while carcass weight and breast meat yield increased (P < 0.01) in birds fed 0.2% butyric acid. With oocyte challenge, birds that had received butyric acid before challenge showed higher growth rate following the challenge compared with birds that received nonmedicated feed. Bacitracin decreased (P < 0.05%) duodenal villi crypt depth, whereas villus length was similar in birds fed butyric acid or the nonmedicated control diet. These results show that 0.2% butyric acid can help to maintain the performance and carcass quality of broilers, especially in vaccinated birds challenged with coccidiosis
Nano encapsulation of Drug-loaded Lipid by Temperature induced Phase Transition
Pluronic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by means of a temperature-induced phase transition in the mixture composed of Pluronic F-68 and liquid Tween 80/soybean oil containing model drugs such as orlistat, caffeine, and ibuprofen sodium salt. Liquid
soybean oil/Tween 80 was used as a solubilizer for model drugs, and Pluronic F-68 was the polymer that stabilizes liquid soybean oil/Tween 80 containing model drugs. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyzer were used
to observe the morphology and size distribution of the prepared NPs. X-ray diffractometer was used to understand relationship between the crystalline state of the model drug and its solubility in the aqueous media. To observe the feasibility of Pluronic NPs as a
drug delivery system, the release pattern of model drugs was observed
Second-order corrections to mean field evolution for weakly interacting Bosons. I
Inspired by the works of Rodnianski and Schlein and Wu, we derive a new
nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation that describes a second-order correction to
the usual tensor product (mean-field) approximation for the Hamiltonian
evolution of a many-particle system in Bose-Einstein condensation. We show that
our new equation, if it has solutions with appropriate smoothness and decay
properties, implies a new Fock space estimate. We also show that for an
interaction potential , where is
sufficiently small and , our program can be easily
implemented locally in time. We leave global in time issues, more singular
potentials and sophisticated estimates for a subsequent part (part II) of this
paper
Nano encapsulation of Drug-loaded Lipid by Temperature induced Phase Transition
Pluronic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by means of a temperature-induced phase transition in the mixture composed of Pluronic F-68 and liquid Tween 80/soybean oil containing model drugs such as orlistat, caffeine, and ibuprofen sodium salt. Liquid
soybean oil/Tween 80 was used as a solubilizer for model drugs, and Pluronic F-68 was the polymer that stabilizes liquid soybean oil/Tween 80 containing model drugs. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyzer were used
to observe the morphology and size distribution of the prepared NPs. X-ray diffractometer was used to understand relationship between the crystalline state of the model drug and its solubility in the aqueous media. To observe the feasibility of Pluronic NPs as a
drug delivery system, the release pattern of model drugs was observed
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