113 research outputs found
S30 The Bauschinger Effect in Nanofilamentary Cu/Nb Wires Evidenced By In-Situ Tensile Tests Under Synchrotron Radiation
S31 Size Effect in the Plasticity of Multiscale Nanofilamentary Cu/Nb Composite Wires During In-Situ Tensile Tests Under Neutron Beam
Factors associated with vaccine intention in adults living in England who either did not want or had not yet decided to be vaccinated against COVID-19
Early studies showed that 28â36% of UK adults were unsure or unwilling to be vaccinated against COVID-19. We wanted to identify which socio-demographic, socio-economic, personal health and psychological factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions (CVI) in adults living in England who did not want, yet to consider, or not sure whether to vaccinate. In October/November 2020, prior to vaccine availability, we surveyed adults stratified by gender, region, and deprivation, with additional purposive sampling of those aged 50 and over and those from an ethnic minority. Two hundred and ten did not want; 407 had yet to consider; and 1,043 were not sure whether to be vaccinated. Factors positively associated with CVI were: favorable vaccine views, trust in institutions associated with vaccine approval, vaccine subjective norms, anticipated regret of not having a vaccine, perceived vaccine benefits, perceived safety knowledge sufficiency, and a history of having an influenza vaccine. Factors negatively associated were: anti-lockdown views, and being a health or social care worker. Whilst showing significant relationships with CVI when analyzed in isolation, neighborhood deprivation and ethnicity did show an independent relationship to intention when all study measures were controlled for. Our findings suggest vaccine promotion focusing on the anticipated regret of not having a vaccine, the benefits of a mass COVID-19 immunization program, and the safety of a vaccine whilst ensuring or engendering trust in those bodies that brand a campaign may be most supportive of COVID-19 vaccine uptake
Public understanding of COVID-19 antibody testing and test results: A qualitative study conducted in the U.K. early in the pandemic
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, antibody testing was proposed by several countries as a surveillance tool to monitor the spread of the virus and potentially to ease restrictions. In the UK, antibody testing originally formed the third pillar of the UK Government's COVID-19 testing programme and was thought to offer hope that those with a positive antibody test result could return to normal life. However, at that time scientists and the public had little understanding of the longevity of COVID-19 antibodies, and whether they provided immunity to reinfection or transmission of the virus. Objective: This paper explores the UK public's understanding of COVID-19 testing, perceived test accuracy, the meaning of a positive test result, willingness to adhere to restrictive measures in response to an antibody test result and how they expect other people to respond. Methods: On-line synchronous focus groups were conducted in April/May 2020 during the first wave of the pandemic and the most stringent period of the COVID-19 restrictive measures. Data were analysed thematically. Results: There was confusion in responses as to whether those with a positive or negative test should return to work and which restrictive measures would apply to them or their household members. Participants raised concerns about the wider public response to positive antibody test results and the adverse behavioural effects. There were worries that antibody tests could create a divided society particularly if those with a positive test result were given greater freedoms or chose to disregard the restrictive measures. Conclusion: Should these tests be offered more widely, information should be developed in consultation with the public to ensure clarity and address uncertainty about test results and subsequent behaviours
Tensile Properties of the Individual Phases in Unreacted Multifilament NbSn Wires
The room temperature elastic and plastic properties under uniaxial tensile loading of the different phases of an un-reacted, internal-tin process, NbSn wire have been determined by tensile tests of whole wires and of extracted Ta, Nb and Nb alloy filaments, as well as by indentation hardness measurements in metallographic wire cross sections
The critical factors in producing high quality and policy-relevant research: insights from international behavioural science units
Background:
There has been a rapid increase in the number of, and demand for, organisations offering behavioural science advice to government over the last ten years. Yet we know little of the state of science and the experiences of these evidence providers. /
Aims and objectives:
To identify current practice in this emerging field and the factors that impact on the production of high-quality and policy-relevant research. /
Methods:
A qualitative study using one-to-one interviews with representatives from a purposeful sample of 15 units in the vanguard of international behavioural science research in policy. The data were analysed thematically. /
Findings:
Relationships with policymakers were important in the inception of units, research conduct, implementation and dissemination of findings. Knowledge exchange facilitated a shared understanding of policy issues/context, and of behavioural science. Sufficient funding was crucial to maintain critical capacity in the unitsâ workforces, build a research portfolio beneficial to policymakers and the units, and to ensure full and transparent dissemination. /
Discussion and conclusion:
Findings highlight the positive impact of strong evidence-provider/user relationships and the importance of governmentsâ commitment to co-produced research programmes to address policy problems and transparency in the dissemination of methods and findings. From the findings we have created a framework, âSTEPSâ (Sharing, Transparency, Engagement, Partnership, Strong relationships), of five recommendations for units working with policymakers. These findings will be of value to all researchers conducting research on behalf of government
Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement électrique de nano-composites Cu-Nb
Les fils composites nanostructurĂ©s et architecturĂ©s cuivre-niobium, qui sont de bons candidats pour la gĂ©nĂ©ration de champs magnĂ©tiques intenses, allient une limite dâĂ©lasticitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e et une excellente conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique. Ils sont Ă©laborĂ©s par co-dĂ©formation dâun assemblage composite Cu-Nb. La microstructure, multi-Ă©chelle, est formĂ©e de 853 motifs Ă©lĂ©mentaires de Cu-Nb de taille caractĂ©ristique nanomĂ©trique. Afin dâĂ©tudier le lien entre la conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique effective et la microstructure, deux mĂ©thodes dâhomogĂ©nĂ©isation sont appliquĂ©es : lâune, en champs moyens (modĂšle auto-cohĂ©rent gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©), dans laquelle une microstructure formĂ©e de motifs co-cylindriques rĂ©partis alĂ©atoirement est considĂ©rĂ©e, et lâautre, en champs complets (Ă©lĂ©ments finis), dans laquelle lâaspect pĂ©riodique de la microstructure expĂ©rimentale est pris en compte. Les effets de la taille des constituants Ă©lĂ©mentaires (nm), de la tempĂ©rature, ainsi que de la densitĂ© de dislocations, sur la conductivitĂ© locale sont considĂ©rĂ©s. Le caractĂšre multi-Ă©chelle du matĂ©riau est pris en compte grĂące Ă un processus itĂ©ratif. Les conductivitĂ©s effectives longitudinale et transversale obtenues avec les deux mĂ©thodes sont en excellent accord, montrant un moindre effet de la distribution des fibres sur ces propriĂ©tĂ©s. Ces rĂ©sultats reproduisent Ă©galement les donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales disponibles
Falsification of home rapid antigen lateral flow tests during the COVID-19 pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, lateral flow tests (LFTs) were used to regulate access to work, education, social activities, and travel. However, falsification of home LFT results was a concern. Falsification of test results during an ongoing pandemic is a sensitive issue. Consequently, respondents may not answer truthfully to questions about LFT falsification behaviours (FBs) when asked directly. Indirect questioning techniques such as the Extended Crosswise model (ECWM) can provide more reliable prevalence estimates of sensitive behaviors than direct questioning. Here we report the prevalence of LFT FBs in a representative sample in England (n = 1577) using direct questioning (DQ) and the ECWM. We examine the role of demographic and psychological variables as predictors of LFT FBs. We show that the prevalence estimates of the FBs in the DQ condition were significantly lower than the ECWM estimates, e.g., reporting a negative result without conducting a test: 5.7% DQ vs 18.4% ECWM. Moral norms, subjective norms, anticipated regret, perception of risk to self, and trust in government predicted some of the FBs. Indirect questioning techniques can help provide more realistic and higher quality data about compliance with behavioural regulations to government and public health agencies
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