567 research outputs found
Astrophysical neutrinos flavored with Beyond the Standard Model physics
We systematically study the allowed parameter space for the flavor
composition of astrophysical neutrinos measured at Earth, including beyond the
Standard Model theories at production, during propagation, and at detection.
One motivation is to illustrate the discrimination power of the next-generation
neutrino telescopes such as IceCube-Gen2. We identify several examples that
lead to potential deviations from the standard neutrino mixing expectation such
as significant sterile neutrino production at the source, effective operators
modifying the neutrino propagation at high energies, dark matter interactions
in neutrino propagation, or non-standard interactions in Earth matter.
IceCube-Gen2 can exclude about 90% of the allowed parameter space in these
cases, and hence will allow to efficiently test and discriminate models. More
detailed information can be obtained from additional observables such as the
energy-dependence of the effect, fraction of electron antineutrinos at the
Glashow resonance, or number of tau neutrino events.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, v2: references added, typos corrected,
conclusion unchanged, matches final version in PR
ValiTex -- a uniform validation framework for computational text-based measures of social science constructs
Guidance on how to validate computational text-based measures of social
science constructs is fragmented. Whereas scholars are generally acknowledging
the importance of validating their text-based measures, they often lack common
terminology and a unified framework to do so. This paper introduces a new
validation framework called ValiTex, designed to assist scholars to measure
social science constructs based on textual data. The framework draws on a
long-established tradition within psychometrics while extending the framework
for the purpose of computational text analysis. ValiTex consists of two
components, a conceptual model, and a dynamic checklist. Whereas the conceptual
model provides a general structure along distinct phases on how to approach
validation, the dynamic checklist defines specific validation steps and
provides guidance on which steps might be considered recommendable (i.e.,
providing relevant and necessary validation evidence) or optional (i.e., useful
for providing additional supporting validation evidence. The utility of the
framework is demonstrated by applying it to a use case of detecting sexism from
social media data
Five-Branes in Heterotic Brane-World Theories
The effective action for five-dimensional heterotic M-theory in the presence
of five-branes is systematically derived from Horava-Witten theory coupled to
an M5-brane world-volume theory. This leads to a five-dimensional N=1 gauged
supergravity theory on S^1/Z_2 coupled to four-dimensional N=1 theories
residing on the two orbifold fixed planes and an additional bulk three-brane.
We analyse the properties of this action, particularly the four-dimensional
effective theory associated with the domain-wall vacuum state. The moduli
Kahler potential and the gauge-kinetic functions are determined along with the
explicit relations between four-dimensional superfields and five-dimensional
component fields.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, typos corrected, reference adde
Measuring Intellectual Curiosity across Cultures: Validity and Comparability of a New Scale in Six Languages
Intellectual curiosity - the tendency to seek out and engage in opportunities for effortful cognitive activity - is a crucial construct in educational research and beyond. Measures of intellectual curiosity vary widely in psychometric quality, and few measures have demonstrated validity and comparability of scores across multiple languages. We analyzed a novel, six-item intellectual curiosity scale (ICS) originally developed for cross-national comparisons in the context of the OECD's Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). Samples from six countries representing six national languages (U.S. Germany, France, Spain, Poland, and Japan; total N = 5,557) confirmed that the ICS possesses very good psychometric properties. The scale is essentially unidimensional and showed excellent reliability estimates. On top of factorial validity, the scale demonstrated strict measurement invariance across demographic segments (gender, age groups, and educational strata) and at least partial scalar invariance across countries. As per its convergent and divergent associations with a broad range of constructs (e.g., Open-Mindedness and other Big Five traits, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Job Orientations, and Vocational Interests), it also showed convincing construct validity. Given its internal and external relationships, we recommend the ICS for assessing intellectual curiosity, especially in cross-cultural research applications, yet we also point out future research areas
Scalable synthesis of smooth PS@TiO2 core-shell and TiO2 hollow spheres in the (sub) micron size range: understanding synthesis and calcination parameters
Betonieren unter Verkehr: Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von ErschĂĽtterungen auf jungen Beton
Im vorgestellten Beitrag wird der Einfluss von Erschütterungen auf den jungen Beton systematisch und anhand von realistischen Versuchen an Kleinkörpern aus unbewehrtem und bewehrtem Beton behandelt. Die kontrollierte dynamische Anregung erfolgt künstlich mit dem AIT-Schwingungsgenerator. Die Proben (zwei verschiedene Betonsorten: „Standard-Brückenbeton“ B3-C30/37 und „Randbalkenbeton“ B7-C25/30) werden während der Erhärtungsphase systematisch mit harmonischen als auch mit realen verkehrsinduzierten Brückenschwingungsverläufen beaufschlagt. Variiert werden Intensitäten und Frequenzgehalt sowie Signalform. Im Anschluss werden die Materialparameter bestimmt und mit ruhend gelagerten Referenzköpern verglichen. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften Druckfestigkeit und E-Modul wenig oder nur gering beeinflusst werden. Dauerhaftigkeitstests und Untersuchungen am Mikrogefüge dienen dazu, Fehler, Risse und Veränderungen im Gefüge zu identifizieren und werden im laufenden Forschungsprojekt noch weiter durchgeführt. Auswirkungen auf den Verbund zwischen Beton und Bewehrung werden durch Auszugversuche analysiert. Bei diesen Versuchen wurden bei größeren Relativbewegungen zwischen Beton und Bewehrungsstab Abnahmen der mittleren Verbundfestigkeit beobachtet. Bei geringeren Relativverschiebungen (Amplituden von ca. 0,14 mm bei Dauerverkehr) konnte die Verbundfestigkeit hingegen sogar gesteigert werden
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