The distribution of mistyping probabilities for the markers in chromosome 7 is shown on the left, and the proportion of genotypes blanked on the right, as determined by the mistyping probability thresholds on the x-axis

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Pedigree and genotype errors in the Framingham Heart Study"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/4/s1/S41</p><p>BMC Genetics 2003;4(Suppl 1):S41-S41.</p><p>Published online 31 Dec 2003</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866477.</p><p></p> We chose to blank genotypes with mistyping probabilities greater or equal to 0.25

In the Framingham data the four offspring in the third generation were assigned mother C, but the tests identified A as the biological mother

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Pedigree and genotype errors in the Framingham Heart Study"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/4/s1/S41</p><p>BMC Genetics 2003;4(Suppl 1):S41-S41.</p><p>Published online 31 Dec 2003</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866477.</p><p></p> B was confirmed as the biological father. The dashed lines indicate the corrected relationships

Scatter diagrams of the IBD probabilities estimated by PREST on a relationship triangle reveal the extent of pedigree errors within a given relationship category

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Pedigree and genotype errors in the Framingham Heart Study"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/4/s1/S41</p><p>BMC Genetics 2003;4(Suppl 1):S41-S41.</p><p>Published online 31 Dec 2003</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866477.</p><p></p> By far, the largest number of errors involves "unrelated" pairs that in fact appear to be related

Linkage disequilibrium across two different single-nucleotide polymorphism genome scans-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Linkage disequilibrium across two different single-nucleotide polymorphism genome scans"</p><p></p><p>BMC Genetics 2005;6(Suppl 1):S86-S86.</p><p>Published online 30 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866694.</p><p></p> SNP maps, as measured by (left) an

Linkage disequilibrium across two different single-nucleotide polymorphism genome scans-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Linkage disequilibrium across two different single-nucleotide polymorphism genome scans"</p><p></p><p>BMC Genetics 2005;6(Suppl 1):S86-S86.</p><p>Published online 30 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866694.</p><p></p>3 trait. LOD scores were calculated using MIBDs constructed by removing SNP pairs that in founders showed LD as ≥ {0.2, 0.4, 0.6}. LOD scores calculated using uncorrected MIBDs are also shown

Linkage of MXDRNK phenotype to genetic locations on chromosomes 1, 4, 13, and 15 with and without G×A interaction effects in COGA data

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Effect of genotype × alcoholism interaction on linkage analysis of an alcoholism-related quantitative phenotype"</p><p></p><p>BMC Genetics 2005;6(Suppl 1):S120-S120.</p><p>Published online 30 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866817.</p><p></p

Evidence for bivariate linkage of obesity and HDL-C levels in the Framingham Heart Study-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Evidence for bivariate linkage of obesity and HDL-C levels in the Framingham Heart Study"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/4/s1/S52</p><p>BMC Genetics 2003;4(Suppl 1):S52-S52.</p><p>Published online 31 Dec 2003</p><p>PMCID:PMC1866489.</p><p></p

Waist Circumference Independently Associates with the Risk of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican American Families

<div><p>Objective</p><p>In spite of the growing recognition of the specific association of waist circumference (WC) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR), current guidelines still use body mass index (BMI) as a tool of choice. Our objective was to determine whether WC is a better T2D predictor than BMI in family-based settings.</p> <p>Research Design and Methods</p><p>Using prospectively collected data on 808 individuals from 42 extended Mexican American families representing 7617.92 person-years follow-up, we examined the performance of WC and BMI as predictors of cumulative and incident risk of T2D. We used robust statistical methods that accounted for the kinships and included polygenic models, discrete trait modeling, Akaike information criterion, odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and Kullback-Leibler R². SOLAR software was used to conduct all the data analyses.</p> <p>Results</p><p>We found that in multivariate polygenic models, WC was an independent predictor of cumulative (OR = 2.76, p = 0.0002) and future risk of T2D (RR = 2.15, p = 3.56×10⁻⁹) and outperformed BMI when compared in a head-to-head fashion. High WC (≥94.65 cm after adjusting for age and sex) was also associated with high fasting glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels and low high-density lipoprotein levels indicating a potential association with IR. Moreover, WC was specifically and significantly associated with insulin resistant T2D (OR = 4.83, p = 1.01×10⁻¹³).</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>Our results demonstrate the value of using WC as a screening tool of choice for future risk of T2D in Mexican American families. Also, WC is specifically associated with insulin resistant T2D.</p> </div

Association of dichotomized WC with T2D-related traits.

<p>The bars represent regression coefficients estimated using polygenic regression models.</p

Univariate and multivariate association of anthropometric indexes with cumulative risk of T2D.

<p>β, regression coefficient; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; p, significance value</p