Appendix B. Open-field densities of aphids and their natural enemies in five European regions: West-Germany, East-Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Poland.

Open-field densities of aphids and their natural enemies in five European regions: West-Germany, East-Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Poland

Appendix A. Variables describing agricultural intensification at local scales and landscape scales in five European regions: West-Germany, East-Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Poland.

Variables describing agricultural intensification at local scales and landscape scales in five European regions: West-Germany, East-Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Poland

Appendix B. Results of the analysis with a reduced data set.

Results of the analysis with a reduced data set

Appendix A. Details on the breeding-bird sampling protocol.

Details on the breeding-bird sampling protocol

Appendix C. The α and β diversities within each region disregarding agricultural intensification.

The α and β diversities within each region disregarding agricultural intensification

How biodiversity affects ecosystem processes

<p>This graph shows the effects of <strong>plant species richness</strong> on <strong>ecosystem processes</strong>, e.g.:</p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>decomposition</strong></p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>pathogen infection</strong></p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>herbivory</strong></p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>flower visitation</strong> (pollination)</p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>bioturbation</strong></p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on<strong> ant activity</strong></p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>parasitism</strong> and <strong>hyperparasitism</strong>,</p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>biological invasion</strong> and</p> <p>-effects of plant biodiversity on <strong>soil microbial respiration</strong>.</p> <p>The graph comes from the supplementary material of a paper published by Scherber et al. in Nature (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09492).</p> <p>Biodiversity effects are mostly non-linear, and species richness effects are negative in some cases. For more details, see the Supplementary Material at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7323/extref/nature09492-s1.pdf</p