Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Comparative antibacterial effects of moringa oleifera (Malunggay) ointment and mupirocin ointment in treating non-bullous impetigo in pediatric patients

A randomized double blind controlled trial was used, with three components: 1) 5-point scale in the guidelines for acute bacterial skin infections and developing drugs for treatment recommended by the Food and Drug Administration to measure the clinical efficacy of M. oleifera ointment and mupirocin ointment; 2) Culture and gram stain of the lesions to measure the microbiological efficacy of the ointments used; 3) 7-point scale of the participant\u27s global assessment score to measure the participants\u27 tolerability, effectiveness, adverse events or any outcome of the ointments used. A convenience sample of pediatric patients age 3-12 years old from Amadeo and Dasmarinas, Cavite who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria was randomized into two intervention groups - M. oleifera ointment group and Mupirocin ointment group. The anti-bacterial effect of M. oleifera ointment is as effective compared to Mupirocin ointment in treating impetigo in children. It is recommended that the study be done not only on its effects of non-bullous impetigo but also to other skin-related infections with larger sample sizes, longer treatment duration with more follow-ups and other procedures of extracting the active component of M. olefera, to get a fuller picture of the phenomenon