Land Grant Application- Lampson, William (Edgecomb)

Land grant application submitted to the Maine Land Office on behalf of William Lampson for service in the Revolutionary War, by their widow Martha.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_me_land_office/1544/thumbnail.jp

Monoclonal antibodies in neuro-oncology: Getting past the blood-brain barrier

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used with increasing success against many tumors, but for brain tumors the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a special concern. The BBB prevents antibody entry to the normal brain; however, its role in brain tumor therapy is more complex. The BBB is closest to normal at micro-tumor sites; its properties and importance change as the tumor grows. In this review, evolving insight into the role of the BBB is balanced against other factors that affect efficacy or interpretation when mAbs are used against brain tumor targets. As specific examples, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and blood-borne metastases from breast cancer are discussed in the context of treatment, respectively, with the mAbs bevacizumab, rituximab and trastuzumab, each of which is already widely used against tumors outside the brain. It is suggested that success against brain tumors will require getting past the BBB in two senses: physically, to better attack brain tumor targets, and conceptually, to give equal attention to problems that are shared with other tumor sites

Covert Channels in SIP for VoIP signalling

In this paper, we evaluate available steganographic techniques for SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) that can be used for creating covert channels during signaling phase of VoIP (Voice over IP) call. Apart from characterizing existing steganographic methods we provide new insights by introducing new techniques. We also estimate amount of data that can be transferred in signalling messages for typical IP telephony call.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Defining the Range of Cellular Components, Including Internal Antigens, That Can Serve as Targets of Graft Rejection

The mechanisms underlying rejection of grafted neural tissue are still being defined. Mechanisms relevant to genetically engineered cells are of current interest. To date, attention has focused on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens as targets of graft rejection. Yet even when there is no MHC disparity, as when the patient's own cells are genetically altered, there is still a potential for graft rejection, directed against the novel antigens. We illustrate this in a rat model

Perceived Barriers to a Timely Dementia Diagnosis from the Perspective of the Caregivers

AbstractDementia is a progressive irreversible neurocognitive disease that affects millions worldwide with an expected increase in persons effected the next decade. There is currently no cure for dementia, however a timely diagnosis may allow those who live with dementia or care for those who live with dementia time to seek support, gain community and medical resources, and increase the quality of life for the person with dementia (PWD) as well as their caregivers. Existing studies demonstrate multiple barriers that exist to seeking and obtaining a dementia diagnosis. The objective of this study is to identify the barriers to obtaining a dementia diagnosis from the perspective of the caregiver. Methods: A qualitative phenomenology study conducted through semi-structured interviews of caregivers to PWD sourced through snowball sampling and support groups. Results: Eight common barriers to obtaining a dementia diagnosis were identified: Denial by the PWD (85.6%), normalization of symptoms (42.9%), issues accessing medical care (42.8%), denial by extended family (25.8%), dementia symptoms masked by other medical issues (28.5%), fear of PWD’s reactions (28.5%), lack of confidence in the medical diagnosis (28.5%), and being unaware of changes in the PWD (14.3%). Conclusion: Despite the small number of participants, most of the participants (71.4%) stated that an earlier diagnosis would have benefited them or the PWD to some degree. Additional studies are needed to target the highest yielding barriers in order to implement multifaceted interventions aimed at reducing such barriers to facilitate more timely diagnoses.

Irrigation Design in Montana: Accommodating varying water accessibility across the continental divide.

The design work performed in this project was conducted over two summers (2018, 2019) of internship experience with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) across the state of Montana. The first summer’s design work was based out of Glendive, MT, in Dawson County, approximately 50 kilometers from the North Dakota border. The second summer was in Missoula, MT, in Missoula County, near the Idaho border. The two areas differ significantly in topography, weather, and water availability with the main separating geographic influence being the Rocky Mountains. This paper focuses on the design process and requirements for two farms located outside Glendive, MT and outside Stevensville, MT. The locations will be referred to in this document by their county locations, Dawson County and Ravalli County, respectively. Dawson County is on the far east side of Montana, and Ravalli County is on Montana’s western border. With both locations in the same state, they follow the same NRCS design standards. However, the design requirements, systems implemented, and crops grown can differ significantly between the two regions. In Dawson County, on the east side of Montana, many farmers with fields greater than 20 hectares have converted their irrigation systems to center pivots for irrigation. This transition is largely a result of the center pivot’s ability to tightly control the application rate of water, resulting in a higher yield per gallon applied. Additionally, the cost of installation for a center pivot is significantly cheaper per hectare on the large fields compared to fields smaller than 10 hectares. In contrast, farmers in Ravalli County operate in smaller fields of around 4 hectares. These farmers historically use severely inefficient irrigation systems such as wild flood irrigation and are switching to more efficient systems such as hand and wheel line. At their relatively small operational scales, it would typically be financially inadvisable to install a center pivot on the land. The NRCS is not able to directly reach out to farmers and propose or require implementations for land management practices. The NRCS is a non-regulatory agency, as such it offers assistance to those who ask for help, rather than mandating changes to the farms. At this point, the NRCS can begin helping the farmers improve their land management. The NRCS will work with farmers so that they can become better land stewards. A large part of the NRCS’s engineering design work is in irrigation systems. The NRCS works to minimize water usage to meet the needs of the crops as well as minimize soil erosion. These designs were the primary responsibility of the author during his internship. The design for a farmer in Dawson County was replacing his old tow line irrigation system with a center pivot irrigation system. Upgrading this system resulted in a projected water use reduction, decreased labor, and increased the irrigable season (NRCS New Mexico, 2012). The design in Ravalli County provided an upgrade from a wild flood system to a wheel line system, increasing the farm’s irrigation efficiency from 30% to 65%

Towards a Celebration of Native Resilience: Interrupting National Myth-Making in the American Classroom

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College

Martin Luther's doctrine of faith

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1928. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Nox2 dependent redox-regulation of microglial response to amyloid-β stimulation and microgliosis in aging

Microglia express constitutively a Nox2 enzyme that is involved in neuroinflammation by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Amyloid β (Aβ) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism of Aβ-induced microglial dysfunction and redox-regulation of microgliosis in aging remains unclear. In this study, we examined Nox2-derived ROS in mediating microglial response to Aβ peptide 1–42 (Aβ42) stimulation in vitro, in aging-associated microgliosis in vivo and in post-mortem human samples. Compared to controls, Aβ42 markedly induced BV2 cell ROS production, Nox2 expression, p47phox and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cell proliferation and IL-1β secretion. All these changes could be inhibited to the control levels in the presence of Nox2 inhibitor or superoxide scavenger. Compared to young (3–4 months) controls, midbrain tissues from wild-type aging mice (20– 22 months) had significantly higher levels of Nox2-derived ROS production, Aβ deposition, microgliosis and IL-1β production. However, these aging-related changes were reduced or absent in Nox2 knockout aging mice. Clinical significance of aging-associated Nox2 activation, microgliosis and IL-1β production was investigated using post-mortem midbrain tissues of humans at young (25–38 years) and old age (61–85 years). In conclusion, Nox2-dependent redox-signalling is crucial in microglial response to Aβ42 stimulation and in aging-associated microgliosis and brain inflammation