Monte Carlo Simulation of Age-Dependent Host-Parasite Relations

The death of a biological population is an extreme event which we investigate here for a host-parasitoid system. Our simulations using the Penna ageing model show how biological evolution can ``teach'' the parasitoids to avoid extinction by waiting for the right age of the host. We also show the dependence of extinction time on the population size.Comment: 8 pages including 6 figure

Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access).

DORSA (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access) ist ein virtuelles Museum, das Informationen über Typus-Exemplare von Orthopteren und andere Belege, welche über die wichtigsten deutschen Museums-Sammlungen verstreut sind, in einer einzigen Datenbank zusammenführt. Etwa 16.000 Individuen-Einträge aus über 4.000 Arten sind über das Internet in der SYSTAX-Datenbank (www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax) suchbar. SYSTAX stellt die Daten auch über die GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)- und BIOCASE (Biological Collection Access Service for Europe)- Portale bereit. Etwa 8.000 Typus-Individuen (davon 2.300 primäre Typen) sind mit über 30.000 Fotos dokumentiert. Die Datenbank enthält ferner 12.000 Tonaufnahmen. Fundortdaten und Verbreitungskarten der gespeicherten Individuen sind ebenfalls abrufbar. Die DORSA-Individuendaten sind reziprok mit dem Orthoptera Species File (OSF) verbunden; dieses bildet zugleich das taxonomische Rückrat für DORSA. Alle DORSA Informationen sind frei über das Internet verfügbar. Auf diese Weise wird das Wissen über die Typus-Individuen, die seit der Kolonialzeit gesammelt worden waren, in die Herkunftsländer repatriiert.StichwörterOrthoptera, DORSA, SYSTAX, OSF, specimen database, type information, virtual museum, repatriation of knowledge.DORSA (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access) is a virtual museum joining information on Orthoptera types and voucher specimens scattered over the major German museum collections in a single database. Data for about 16,000 specimen records including types and vouchers in over 4,000 species are searchable online via the SYSTAX database (www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax) which is linked to both the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)- and BIOCASE (Biological Collection Access Service for Europe)- portals. Roughly 8,000 type specimens (with about 2,300 primary types) are documented with over 30,000 images. 12,000 sound files are also available as are geographical information and maps of the specimens in the database. DORSA specimen information is reciprocally linked to the Orthoptera Species File (OSF) which forms the taxonomic backbone for all taxon names used by DORSA. All DORSA data are freely available on the world-wide web. In this way, the knowledge about type specimens collected since colonial times is repatriated to the countries of origin.KeywordsOrthoptera, DORSA, SYSTAX, OSF, specimen database, type information, virtual museum, repatriation of knowledge

Fig. 2 in Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access)

Fig. 2: Species group names of Orthoptera worldwide (valid names and synonyms) and types specimens in German collections. The category holotype includes also syntypes, lectotypes and neotypes. [From Ingrisch et al. 2004a].Published as part of <i>Lampe, Karl Heinz, Riede, Klaus & Ingrisch, Sigfrid, 2005, Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access), pp. 477-484 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 55 (2)</i> on page 479, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.2.477-484, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10109455">http://zenodo.org/record/10109455</a&gt

Fig. 1 in Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access)

Fig. 1: Distribution of Orthoptera type specimens (including Para- and Lectotypes) housed in German Museum collections. Note the high number of types from Africa, South East Asia and Australia, collected in the last centuries. [From Riede 2003].Published as part of <i>Lampe, Karl Heinz, Riede, Klaus & Ingrisch, Sigfrid, 2005, Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access), pp. 477-484 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 55 (2)</i> on page 478, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.2.477-484, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10109455">http://zenodo.org/record/10109455</a&gt

Fig. 4 in Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access)

Fig. 4: Documentation of DORSA specimen data on the internet. Left: species page in SYSTAX (red arrows mark scrolling down); top right: species page in OSF; middle right: image and sound file pages in SYSTAX; bottom right: distribution map from a map server (Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility). External links are marked by yellow arrows, internal links by green arrows.Published as part of <i>Lampe, Karl Heinz, Riede, Klaus & Ingrisch, Sigfrid, 2005, Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access), pp. 477-484 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 55 (2)</i> on page 482, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.2.477-484, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10109455">http://zenodo.org/record/10109455</a&gt

Fig. 3 in Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access)

Fig. 3: Orthoptera (crickets and grasshoppers) collections in Germany – number of holotypes in major museums. A similar distributed pattern is observed for type material of other groups of organisms housed in German museums or research institutions.Published as part of <i>Lampe, Karl Heinz, Riede, Klaus & Ingrisch, Sigfrid, 2005, Repatriation of knowledge about insects and types through the DORSA virtual museum (Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access), pp. 477-484 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 55 (2)</i> on page 480, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.2.477-484, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10109455">http://zenodo.org/record/10109455</a&gt

Insect types in the ZFMK collection, Bonn: Blattodea, Dermaptera, Heteroptera, "Homoptera", Hymenoptera, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera

Volume: 58Start Page: 89End Page: 16