Rivastigmine in Chinese patients with subcortical vascular dementia

Vincent Mok1, Adrian Wong1, Simon Ho2, Thomas Leung1, Wynnie WM Lam2, Ka Sing Wong11Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; 2Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, ChinaBackground: We explored the efficacy and tolerability of rivastigmine among Chinese patients with subcortical vascular dementia.Methods: Forty subjects were randomized to either placebo (n = 20) or rivastigmine (n = 20) in a double-blind 26-week trial. Outcome measures were cognition (mini-mental state examination, frontal assessment battery), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), instrumental activities of daily living, clinical dementia rating scale, and adverse events.Results: No statistical significant benefit could be observed in the active group in any of the efficacy measures. A trend favoring active group was observed only in the NPI subscore of irritability (p = 0.066) and aberrant motor behavior (p = 0.068). Withdrawal rate was 30% and 15% in the active and placebo group, respectively.Conclusion: Among Chinese subcortical vascular dementia patients, there was no apparent cognitive benefit associated with use of rivastigmine over the 6 months period. A trend favoring rivastigmine was observed in certain behavioral measures. Rivastigmine was associated with more withdrawals relative to placebo.Keywords: rivastigmine, subcortical vascular dementia, Chines

Measurement of AP and TS diameter of the chest wall on the reformatted axial image

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in assessing lung function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study of comparison before and after posterior spinal fusion"</p><p>http://www.josr-online.com/content/2/1/20</p><p>Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2007;2():20-20.</p><p>Published online 19 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2203977.</p><p></p> (a) Upper level at the carina (C), maximal inspiratory image. (b) Lower level at the apical vertebra (A), maximal inspiratory image. Tangential lines are drawn to the anterior, posterior and lateral lung surfaces. The chest wall dimensions are then measured as the largest anteroposterior (AP, thick solid lines) and transverse (TS, dotted lines) dimensions on either side of the scoliosis separately. The chest wall motion is calculated as the difference between inspiration and expiration