การคัดแยกเชื้อจุลินทรีย์ที่มศักยภาพในการผลิตเอนไซม์เซลลูเลสจากผักเหลือทิ้งและเปลือกผลไม้ เพื่อใช้ในการหมักแอลกอฮอล

รายงานการวิจัย -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2560The research team has isolated the cellulase producing microorganisms which have capability in producing extracellular cellulase enzyme for cellulosic degradation from leftover agricultural waste materials such as fruits and vegetables. After cellulosic material degradation, the products mainly were sugar moiety being the starting materials for further alcohol fermentation and/or possibly being used in cultivation of common microorganisms. In the study, when different 49 bacterial isolates were tested for their cellulase activity on Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), two bacteria, Bacillus spp. CE08 and 49 were selected due to high cellulase activity and thus tested for the physical and chemical properties. Their 16S rDNA sequence comparisons were close to Bacillus sp. isolate obtained from the soil. Both isolates are common aerobic/facultative aerobic bacteria with the length of 1-3 μm, Gram positive, and preferring the fermentation of maltose and xylose to glucose while minimal degradation on sucrose and lactose contents. Their optimum digestibility was at 40°C, pH 4.5 for the broth having unpurified extracellular cellulase activity at 3-4 μg /mg. The enzyme could use the substrateCMC the best, but rice straw more slowly but better than grass. However, the enzyme displayed the least digestion effectiveness on cotton. Both of these isolates are expectedly applied in the biological degradation process substituting chemicals that cause pollution problems to the environment. Additionally, this is one promise way to bring value of agricultural waste to the community.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

การพัฒนาการจัดการขยะ ในชุมชนตลาดเทวราช เขตดุสิต กรุงเทพมหานคร เพื่อความเป็นอยู่ดีและการอนุรักษ์สิ่งแวดล้อมอย่างยั่งยืน

รายงานวิจัย -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2561It is well known that waste spoiled are undesired and one of the main causing of environmental problems and health effects. In Thailand, there are growing wastes especially at Thewarat market every year. The causes of the increase in wastes are from economic and industrial expansion which are important issues for the community responsible to manage and correct the amount and types of waste disposed properly before disposal. In the study, a preliminary survey by talk and providing the questionnaires were conducted at the Thewarat market. It was found that solid wastes or rubbishes are mostly generated during and after trading process with and without proper can disposal. The stores did commonly dump the solid and liquid wastes around the stores or nearby the bin not inside the bin. The unpleasant observations shown were the solid wastes and dirty water contaminating into the soil and in the waterway and it was not managed hygienically. Uncared by unconcerned sellers during busy market during the day, more unrecognized attitudes of the merchants themselves, inappropriate placement of food and food waste in the public for the buyers, and manucipal wastes generated by people in the surrounding community were normally observed daily. More risks of disease spreading and accumulated rodents, insects and pathogens breeding and homing were appeared during at night after the market closed. In the research, the campaign and suggestions were operated by the research team, the proposed strategies for the waste management at Thewarat market area were including two times of training; discussions and 2 leaflets. These sessions were based on the education on proper waste management, highlight on the proper use of right trash bin with the right waste, post-sales area management, and the use of microorganisms for the production of bio-fertilizers and bio-fermented solution from biodegradable waste in the market community. Moreover, the monitoring communities were done for the proper use of trash bin in the community and providing the right waste management. It could bring the benefits to the community at the initial level, especially the realization and attitudes in the suitable waste management since approximated 10% shops keep their shops and area nearby clean thus adding a panoramic view with a good image to the Thewarat market.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho