The Future of Power System Restoration: Using Distributed Energy Resources as a Force to Get Back Online

One of the most critical risks for modern societies is a largescale power system blackout. Critical infrastructure has emergency power supplies (e.g., nuclear power plants, hospitals, or communication infrastructure) to confront power outage situations. However, after about 8 h of a blackout, fuel supplies and battery capacities normally run out. Thus, it is of utmost importance to restore the power system as robustly and quickly as possible. This responsibility lies with the transmission system operators (TS Os), and it is in their best interest to rapidly accomplish it

Novel isoforms of dlg are fundamental for neuronal development in Drosophila

Drosophila discs-large (dlg) mutants exhibit multiple developmental abnormalities, including severe defects in neuronal differentiation and synaptic structure and function. These defects have been ascribed to the loss of a single gene product, Dlg-A, a scaffold protein thought to be expressed in many cell types. Here, we describe that additional isoforms arise as a consequence of different transcription start points and alternative splicing of dlg. At least five different dlg gene products are predicted. We identified a subset of dlg-derived cDNAs that include novel exons encoding a peptide homologous to the N terminus of the mammalian protein SAP97/hDLG (S97N). Dlg isoforms containing the S97N domain are expressed at larval neuromuscular junctions and within the CNS of both embryos and larvae but are not detectable in epithelial tissues. Strong hypomorphic dig alleles exhibit decreased expression of S97N, which may account for neural-specific aspects of the pleiomorphic dlg mutant ph

Modelling of Active Distribution Networks for Power System Restoration Studies

This paper presents an aggregated model of Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) appropriate for power system restoration studies. The ADN considers aggregated loads and inverter based generation, such as wind and photovoltaic generation. The load model incorporates: i) time series data for consumption; ii) voltage and frequency dependency; iii) under frequency load shedding; iv) disconnection behavior; and v) cold load pick-up. The generation model considers: i) time series data for generation; ii) over frequency active power reduction; iii) disconnection; and iv) reconnection behavior. The ADN model covers dynamic phenomena in the time scale of tens of seconds up to several minutes with the focus on frequency dynamics. Moreover, the model was tested in several case studies and shows adequate dynamic behavior