O quimérico setor de serviços: produtividade e emprego no Brasil recente

Por muito tempo o setor de serviços foi tratado pela teoria econômica com certo descaso, visto como um setor não produtivo, e possuidor de limites claros a ganhos tecnológicos. No entanto, isso mudou e hoje a visão predominante é a de que nas economias modernas, a participação dos serviços é essencial, principalmente de segmentos intensivos em conhecimento e tecnologia, vistos como decisivos para o crescimento da produtividade e para o desenvolvimento econômico. No Brasil recente, o setor de serviços tem apresentado crescimento significativo em diferentes aspectos, no entanto, ao analisarem-se os dados de produtividade e do mercado de trabalho em detalhe, percebe-se que esse movimento não parece fazer parte da dinâmica em direção a uma economia “pós-industrial”, que pressuporia um aumento da participação de serviços de alto valor agregado e elevados ganhos de produtividade, pelo contrário, parece haver um retrocesso, com aumento da participação de serviços de baixa produtividade e remuneração, que deve ser compreendido em um contexto de perda de competitividade da indústria e de continuidade do processo de liberação de mão de obra da agropecuária

Unveiling structure and dynamics of global digital production technology

This research pioneers the construction of a novel Digital Production Technology Classification (DPTC) based on the latest Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS2017) of the World Customs Organisation. The DPTC enables the identification and comprehensive analysis of 127 tradable products associated with digital production technologies (DPTs). The development of this classification offers a substantial contribution to empirical research and policy analysis. It enables an extensive exploration of international trade in DPTs, such as the identification of emerging trade networks comprising final goods, intermediate components, and instrumentation technologies and the intricate regional and geopolitical dynamics related to DPTs. In this paper, we deploy our DPTC within a network analysis methodological framework to analyse countries' engagements with DPTs through bilateral and multilateral trade. By comparing the trade networks in DPTs in 2012 and 2019, we unveil dramat ic shifts in the global DPTs' network structure, different countries' roles, and their degree of centrality. Notably, our findings shed light on China's expanding role and the changing trade patterns of the USA in the digital technology realm. The analysis also brings to the fore the increasing significance of Southeast Asian countries, revealing the emergence of a regional hub within this area, characterised by dense bilateral networks in DPTs. Furthermore, our study points to the fragmented network structures in Europe and the bilateral dependencies that developed there. Being the first systematic DPTC, also deployed within a network analysis framework, we expect the classification to become an indispensable tool for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in research on digitalisation and digital industrial policy

Unveiling structure and dynamics of global digital production technology

This research pioneers the construction of a novel Digital Production Technology Classification (DPTC) based on the latest Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS2017) of the World Customs Organisation. The DPTC enables the identification and comprehensive analysis of 127 tradable products associated with digital production technologies (DPTs). The development of this classification offers a substantial contribution to empirical research and policy analysis. It enables an extensive exploration of international trade in DPTs, such as the identification of emerging trade networks comprising final goods, intermediate components, and instrumentation technologies and the intricate regional and geopolitical dynamics related to DPTs. In this paper, we deploy our DPTC within a network analysis methodological framework to analyse countries' engagements with DPTs through bilateral and multilateral trade. By comparing the trade networks in DPTs in 2012 and 2019, we unveil dramat ic shifts in the global DPTs' network structure, different countries' roles, and their degree of centrality. Notably, our findings shed light on China's expanding role and the changing trade patterns of the USA in the digital technology realm. The analysis also brings to the fore the increasing significance of Southeast Asian countries, revealing the emergence of a regional hub within this area, characterised by dense bilateral networks in DPTs. Furthermore, our study points to the fragmented network structures in Europe and the bilateral dependencies that developed there. Being the first systematic DPTC, also deployed within a network analysis framework, we expect the classification to become an indispensable tool for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in research on digitalisation and digital industrial policy

Unveiling Structure and Dynamics of Global Digital Production Technology Networks: A new digital technology classification and network analysis based on trade data

This research pioneers the construction of a novel Digital Production Technology Classification (DPTC) based on the latest Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS2017) of the World Customs Organisation. The DPTC enables the identification and comprehensive analysis of 127 tradable products associated with digital production technologies (DPTs). The development of this classification offers a substantial contribution to empirical research and policy analysis. It enables an extensive exploration of international trade in DPTs, such as the identification of emerging trade networks comprising final goods, intermediate components, and instrumentation technologies and the intricate regional and geopolitical dynamics related to DPTs. In this paper, we deploy our DPTC within a network analysis methodological framework to analyse countries' engagements with DPTs through bilateral and multilateral trade. By comparing the trade networks in DPTs in 2012 and 2019, we unveil dramatic shifts in the global DPTs' network structure, different countries' roles, and their degree of centrality. Notably, our findings shed light on China's expanding role and the changing trade patterns of the USA in the digital technology realm. The analysis also brings to the fore the increasing significance of Southeast Asian countries, revealing the emergence of a regional hub within this area, characterised by dense bilateral networks in DPTs. Furthermore, our study points to the fragmented network structures in Europe and the bilateral dependencies that developed there. Being the first systematic DPTC, also deployed within a network analysis framework, we expect the classification to become an indispensable tool for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in research on digitalisation and digital industrial polic

Unveiling structure and dynamics of global digital production technology networks: A new digital technology classification and network analysis based on trade data

This research pioneers the construction of a novel Digital Production Technology Classification (DPTC) based on the latest Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS2017) of the World Customs Organisation. The DPTC enables the identification and comprehensive analysis of 127 tradable products associated with digital production technologies (DPTs). The development of this classification offers a substantial contribution to empirical research and policy analysis. It enables an extensive exploration of international trade in DPTs, such as the identification of emerging trade networks comprising final goods, intermediate components, and instrumentation technologies and the intricate regional and geopolitical dynamics related to DPTs. In this paper, we deploy our DPTC within a network analysis methodological framework to analyse countries' engagements with DPTs through bilateral and multilateral trade. By comparing the trade networks in DPTs in 2012 and 2019, we unveil dramatic shifts in the global DPTs' network structure, different countries' roles, and their degree of centrality. Notably, our findings shed light on China's expanding role and the changing trade patterns of the USA in the digital technology realm. The analysis also brings to the fore the increasing significance of Southeast Asian countries, revealing the emergence of a regional hub within this area, characterised by dense bilateral networks in DPTs. Furthermore, our study points to the fragmented network structures in Europe and the bilateral dependencies that developed there. Being the first systematic DPTC, also deployed within a network analysis framework, we expect the classification to become an indispensable tool for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in research on digitalisation and digital industrial policy

Economic development and industrial policy in the age of digitalisation: global mapping and the case of Brazil

In recent years, a wave of technological innovations with potentially disruptive effects across industries has been emerging. Known by many names, such as “advanced manufacturing”, “Industry 4.0”, “Fourth Industrial Revolution”, or “digital transformation”, this trend groups different technology clusters such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Data Analytics, 3D printing, and Advanced Robotics. In this dissertation, they are referred to as Advanced Digital Production Technologies (ADPTs). Due to their increasing prominence among industrialists, policymakers, and academics around the world, a question emerges as to whether ADPTs could open pathways for economic development in developing countries. This dissertation seeks to address this issue, and answer the following research question: Are ADPTs an opportunity for economic development in developing countries, and, if so, what should these countries do to seize it? The general research path taken to answer this question involved a theoretical and conceptual review of the topic, a “global mapping” of countries’ engagement with ADPTs, and a deep dive into the case of Brazil. The “global mapping” was carried out through a historical review and an analysis combining international trade data and the findings of previous works using patent data. The investigation of Brazil analysed the country’s ADPT policy system and the engagement of the country’s Machinery and Equipment industry with these technologies. This led to the writing of six chapters. The overall conclusion of the dissertation is that ADPTs do not offer as many opportunities for developing countries as it is often claimed. Leapfrogging opportunities exist but depend on how developed the ICT and industrial machinery industries are in each country, and on what type of engagement the country has with these technologies. Seizing these opportunities also requires implementing appropriate industrial policies that help overcome the many obstacles to using, producing, and developing ADPTs, as well as an enabling macroeconomic environment. Brazil is identified as a country that is well-positioned to take advantage of these technologies but that so far has had insufficient policies to do so.Cambridge Trust - Cambridge International Scholarshi

Natura non facit saltus : challenges and opportunities for digital industrialisation across developing countries

Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract

Unveiling structure and dynamics of global digital production technology networks: A new digital technology classification and network analysis based on trade data

This research pioneers the construction of a novel Digital Production Technology Classification (DPTC) based on the latest Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS2017) of the World Customs Organisation. The DPTC enables the identification and comprehensive analysis of 127 tradable products associated with digital production technologies (DPTs). The development of this classification offers a substantial contribution to empirical research and policy analysis. It enables an extensive exploration of international trade in DPTs, such as the identification of emerging trade networks comprising final goods, intermediate components, and instrumentation technologies and the intricate regional and geopolitical dynamics related to DPTs. In this paper, we deploy our DPTC within a network analysis methodological framework to analyse countries' engagements with DPTs through bilateral and multilateral trade. By comparing the trade networks in DPTs in 2012 and 2019, we unveil dramatic shifts in the global DPTs' network structure, different countries' roles, and their degree of centrality. Notably, our findings shed light on China's expanding role and the changing trade patterns of the USA in the digital technology realm. The analysis also brings to the fore the increasing significance of Southeast Asian countries, revealing the emergence of a regional hub within this area, characterised by dense bilateral networks in DPTs. Furthermore, our study points to the fragmented network structures in Europe and the bilateral dependencies that developed there. Being the first systematic DPTC, also deployed within a network analysis framework, we expect the classification to become an indispensable tool for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in research on digitalisation and digital industrial policy

The resurgence of industrial policies in the age of advanced manufacturing: an international comparison of industrial policy documents

This paper analyses recent industrial policy plans made by five leading countries: China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. This is done through the analysis of policy documents, using an original framework. Our analysis reveals that these policies have two main motivations. First, the acknowledgement of new technological opportunities and challenges, that allow not only for higher growth rates and competitiveness, but also for addressing ‘societal challenges’ (persistent socio-environmental problems). Second, the growing understanding that, because of the increasing complexity of innovation, private sector efforts alone are not enough, and a higher level of convergence between actors and institutions is needed. We also identify that the policy structures and proposed instruments of these strategies are quite conventional, which contrasts with the rhetoric of these policies. This reveals that the ‘resurgence’ of industrial policies is yet not a return to the ‘old’ policies of the twentieth century, but a new breed, which is much more cautious of interfering with market mechanisms