Анализ механических состояний силовых систем. Сообщение 1. Предельное состояние

Изложены основы теории предельных состояний силовых систем, которые работают в условиях сложного нагружения (механическая усталость, трение и изнашивание, температура, электрохимическая коррозия). Получен энергетический критерий предельного состояния и описаны методы определения его параметров. Записаны условия прочности с учетом как циклической, так и контактной нагрузок.Викладено основи теорії граничних станів силових систем, що працюють в умовах складного навантаження (механічна утома, тертя та спрацьовування, температура, електрохімічна корозія). Отримано енергетичний критерій граничного стану та описано методи визначення його параметрів. Записано рівняння міцності з урахуванням як циклічного, так і контактного навантажень.Fundamentals of the theory of ultimate states in force systems operating under complex loading (mechanical fatigue, friction and wear, temperature, and electrochemical corrosion) have been described. Energy criterion of an ultimate state has been obtained and methods for calculating its parameters are given. Strength conditions taking into account both cyclic and contact loads are described

Perceptions of uncertainties about carrier results identified by exome sequencing in a randomized controlled trial.

How individuals perceive uncertainties in sequencing results may affect their clinical utility. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of uncertainties in carrier results and how they relate to psychological well-being and health behavior. Post-reproductive adults (N = 462) were randomized to receive carrier results from sequencing through either a web platform or a genetic counselor. On average, participants received two results. Group differences in affective, evaluative, and clinical uncertainties were assessed from baseline to 1 and 6 months; associations with test-specific distress and communication of results were assessed at 6 months. Reductions in affective uncertainty (∆x̅ = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.02) and evaluative uncertainty (∆x̅ = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.87) followed receipt of results regardless of randomization arm at 1 month. Participants in the web platform arm reported greater clinical uncertainty than those in the genetic counselor arm at 1 and 6 months; this was corroborated by the 1,230 questions asked of the genetic counselor and residual questions reported by those randomized to the web platform. Evaluative uncertainty was associated with a lower likelihood of communicating results to health care providers. Clinical uncertainty was associated with a lower likelihood of communicating results to children. Learning one's carrier results may reduce perceptions of uncertainties, though web-based return may lead to less reduction in clinical uncertainty in the short term. These findings warrant reinforcement of clinical implications to minimize residual questions and promote appropriate health behavior (communicating results to at-risk relatives in the case of carrier results), especially when testing alternative delivery models

Using the Scanning Fluid Dynamic Gauging Device to Understand the Cleaning of Baked Lard Soiling Layers

Extended or repeated heating of food fats promotes polymerisation reactions that produce difficult-to-remove soil layers. Cleaning of these baked-on/burnt-on fat deposits was investigated using model layers generated by baking lard on 316 stainless steel discs. Rigorous characterisation of the layer material was difficult, as it was insoluble in most solvents. Cleaning was studied using the scanning fluid dynamic gauging technique developed by Gordon et al. (Meas Sci Technol 21:85-103, 2010), which provides non-contact in situ measurement of layer thickness at several sites on a sample in real time. Tests at 50 [Formula: see text]C with alkali (sodium hydroxide, pH 10.4-11) and three surfactant solutions indicated two removal mechanisms, related to the (1) roll-up and (2) dispersion mechanisms reported for oily oils, namely (1) penetration of solvent at the soil-liquid interface, resulting in detachment of the soil layer as a coherent film, observed with linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) and Triton X-100 and aqueous sodium hydroxide at pH 10.4-11; and (2) the breakdown promoted by the agent penetrating through the layer, observed with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), in which CTAB antagonised the cleaning action of LAS.An EPSRC studentship for AA and project support from Procter and Gamble Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-015-1737-