TRADE RESTRAINTS--VIOLATION OF ROBINSON-PATMAN ACT AS A DEFENSE TO SUIT FOR PURCHASE PRICE OF GOODS

Plaintiff brought suit against defendant on renewal notes aggregating about $114,000, the notes representing an accumulated debt on defendant\u27s purchases of cans over a six-year period. Defendant alleged discriminatory quantity discounts in violation of the Robinson-Patman Act. This violation was urged as a defense on two theories: (1) that it denied any recovery of the purchase price, or (2) that it denied, at the least, the recovery of the amount of discrimination which, it was alleged, substantially represented the amount of the notes. The Supreme Court of Florida rejected the defense. Held, affirmed. Four justices dissented. Bruce\u27s Juices, Inc. v. American Can Company, (U.S. 1947) 67 S. Ct. 1015

POWERS-GENERAL TESTAMENTARY POWER:-INEFFECTIVE APPOINTMENT- DEVOLUTION OF APPOINTIVE PROPERTY

In the usual case, the question of the devolution of property subject to a general testamentary power where the appointment is ineffective arises in a contest between those representing the estate of the donee on the one hand and those representing the estate of the donor, including the takers in default, on the other. The historical concept that the devolution of appointive property is from the donor to the appointee competes with the modern concept that the donee\u27s interest in the property is, for many purposes, close to absolute ownership

TRUSTS-RULE AGAINST PERPETUITIES-TETAMENTARY TRUST FOR MAINTENANCE OF TESTATRIX\u27 HOME AS DEPOSITORY FOR ASHES OF TESTATRIX AND DAUGHTER

Testatrix provided that her body should be cremated, the ashes mixed with the ashes of her deceased daughter, and both placed in a designated room on the second floor of testatrix\u27 home. The executors were directed not to sell the home but to use rentals from the first floor to maintain it, such rentals to be obtained from any member of the Socialist Party whom the executors should find proper and able to pay the rental. Held, the attempted disposition was invalid as a violation of the rule against restraints on alienation. Alexander v. House, (Conn. 1947) 54 A. (2d) 510

Photofrin II as an efficient radiosensitizing agent in an experimental tumor

Background and Objective: The use of ionizing irradiation as radiation therapy (RT) for tumor treatment represents a well-established method. The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially with Photofrin II, for tumor treatment is also known. Chemical modifiers enhancing the action of radiation therapy are well known and widely used in medicine. None of these compounds, however, is a selective radiosensitizer. Materials and Methods: Several series of animal experiments were performed, The highly differentiated human bladder cancer cell line RT4 was implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. The mice were injected 10 mg/kg Photofrin II and irradiated with 5 Gy. Results: Photofrin II has proved to be a chemical modifier of ionizing irradiation, enhancing the tumor doubling time (tumor growth) from 6.2 to 10.9 days in the control group with the use of irradiation and injection of porphyrin. Conclusion: Photofrin II shows a high activity as radiosensitizer and, in the future, can be used as a selective radiosensitizer for tumor treatment with ionizing radiation

Infant feeding knowledge, perceptions and practices among women with and without HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa: a survey in healthcare facilities

BACKGROUND: South Africa has a history of low breastfeeding rates among women with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In this study, we assessed infant feeding knowledge, perceptions and practices among pregnant and postpartum women with and without HIV, in the context of changes in infant feeding and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) guidelines. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted from April 2014 to March 2015 in 10 healthcare facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 190 pregnant and 180 postpartum women (74 and 67, respectively, were HIV positive) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses assessed factors associated with an intention to exclusively breastfeed, and exclusive breastfeeding of infants less than six months of age. RESULTS: Women with HIV had better overall knowledge on safe infant feeding practices, both in general and in the context of HIV infection. There were however gaps in knowledge among women with and without HIV. Information from healthcare facilities was the main source of information for all groups of women in the study. A greater percentage of women without HIV 80.9% (93/115), reported an intention to exclusively breastfeed, compared to 64.9% (48/74) of women with HIV, p = 0.014. Not having HIV was positively associated with a reported intention to breastfeed, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.60, 95% CI 1.50, 8.62. Other factors associated with a reported intention to exclusively breastfeed were prior breastfeeding experience and higher knowledge scores on safe infant feeding practices in the context of HIV infection. Among postpartum women, higher scores on general knowledge of safe infant feeding practices were positively associated with reported exclusive breastfeeding, AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.52, 3.12. Most women perceived that it was difficult to exclusively breastfeed and that cultural factors were a barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: While a greater proportion of women are electing to breastfeed, HIV infection and cultural factors remain an important influence on safe infant feeding practices. Healthcare workers are the main source of information, and highlight the need for accurate and consistent messaging for both women with and without HIV

Gene expression profile of the skin in the 'hairpoor' (HrHp) mice by microarray analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The transcriptional cofactor, Hairless (HR), acts as one of the key regulators of hair follicle cycling; the loss of function mutations is the cause of the expression of the hairless phenotype in humans and mice. Recently, we reported a new <it>Hr </it>mutant mouse called 'Hairpoor' (<it>Hr^Hp</it>). These mutants harbor a gain of the function mutation, T403A, in the <it>Hr </it>gene. This confers the overexpression of HR and <it>Hr^Hp</it>is an animal model of Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis in humans. In the present study, the expression profile of <it>Hr^Hp/Hr^Hp</it>skin was investigated using microarray analysis to identify genes whose expression was affected by the overexpression of HR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From 45,282 mouse probes, differential expressions in 43 (>2-fold), 306 (>1.5-fold), and 1861 genes (>1.2-fold) in skin from <it>Hr^Hp/Hr^Hp</it>mice were discovered and compared with skin from wild-type mice. Among the 1861 genes with a > 1.2-fold increase in expression, further analysis showed that the expression of eight genes known to have a close relationship with hair follicle development, ascertained by conducting real-time PCR on skin RNA produced during hair follicle morphogenesis (P0-P14), indicated that four genes, <it>Wif1</it>, <it>Casp14</it>, <it>Krt71</it>, and <it>Sfrp1</it>, showed a consistent expression pattern with respect to HR overexpression in vivo.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>Wif1 </it>and <it>Casp14 </it>were found to be upregulated, whereas <it>Krt71 </it>and <it>Sfrp1 </it>were downregulated in cells overexpressing HR in transient transfection experiments on keratinocytes, suggesting that HR may transcriptionally regulate these genes. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of this regulation by the HR cofactor.</p

Charming penguins in B => K* pi, K (rho,omega,phi) decays

We evaluate the decays B => K* pi, K (rho,omega,phi) adding the long distance charming penguin contributions to the short distance: Tree+Penguin amplitudes. We estimate the imaginary part of the charming penguin by an effective field theory inspired by the Heavy Quark Effective Theory and parameterize its real part. The final results for branching ratios depend on only two real parameters and show a significant role of the charming penguins. The overall agreement with the available experimental data is satisfactory.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Branching Fractions of tau Leptons to Three Charged Hadrons

From electron-positron collision data collected with the CLEO detector operating at CESR near \sqrt{s}=10.6 GeV, improved measurements of the branching fractions for tau decays into three explicitly identified hadrons and a neutrino are presented as {\cal B}(\tau^-\to\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-\nu_\tau)=(9.13\pm0.05\pm0.46)%, {\cal B}(\tau^-\to K^-\pi^+\pi^-\nu_\tau)=(3.84\pm0.14\pm0.38)\times10^{-3}, {\cal B}(\tau^-\to K^-K^+\pi^-\nu_\tau)=(1.55\pm0.06\pm0.09)\times10^{-3}, and {\cal B}(\tau^-\to K^-K^+K^-\nu_\tau)<3.7\times10^{-5} at 90% C.L., where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: 10 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let