A retrospective study: How do clinical psychologists in southern Israel perceive their relationships with their supervisors as trainees in the psychodynamic paradigm?

The aim of the research was to study how recently licensed clinical psychologists in southern Israel perceive their relationships with their supervisors as trainees in the psychodynamic paradigm and to further the understanding of psychodynamic supervision. The study examined the experiences of supervisees in psychodynamic supervision employing a constructivist grounded theory approach, and included 10 participants who had completed their licensing exam within the last three years, and had trained in Israel. The research was retrospective, as time had passed since the licensing exam, and was also reflective, as the participants had gained experience and maturity in the field. A system of open coding was used to analyze the interviews. Following this stage, the codes were grouped into focused codes, and a summary of the memos were organized for each participant. A constant comparison was made between the focused codes of the interviews until the categories were saturated, that is no new categories emerged, and a core category became apparent. Theoretical sampling was used by interviewing three of the 10 participants a second time in order to fill in gaps in one of the categories. The goal of the study was interpretive understanding. The findings suggest that classical psychodynamic supervision provides the trainee with an experience of containment and reliance on the expertise of the supervisor during the initial stages of training and supervision. However, relational psychodynamic supervision empowers the supervisee in the latter stages of training by providing mutuality and open dialogue in an asymmetrical relationship. Classical supervision often did not address the self-perception of the supervisee, or the relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee. The failure to process these issues seemed to affect the agency of the supervisee in her relationship with her supervisor and, to some degree, fostered a sense of dependence. The supervisees who expressed their experience in supervision as transformational were those who experienced their own agency, and a sense of empowerment. In my study, the tension created between the expectation of finding the ideal supervisor and coping with the supervisor in their relationship was the central challenge of supervision. The ‘teach or treat’ dilemma appeared to be a conflict only in the classical style of supervision, as the boundaries between professional knowledge and personal issues are protected. In the intersubjective relational mode, the boundaries are more permeable, allowing more self-disclosure and temporary focus on personal issues The ‘real’ relationship in psychodynamic supervision was apparent in my study and was contingent on the two people involved in the interaction

Quantum sensing

"Quantum sensing" describes the use of a quantum system, quantum properties or quantum phenomena to perform a measurement of a physical quantity. Historical examples of quantum sensors include magnetometers based on superconducting quantum interference devices and atomic vapors, or atomic clocks. More recently, quantum sensing has become a distinct and rapidly growing branch of research within the area of quantum science and technology, with the most common platforms being spin qubits, trapped ions and flux qubits. The field is expected to provide new opportunities - especially with regard to high sensitivity and precision - in applied physics and other areas of science. In this review, we provide an introduction to the basic principles, methods and concepts of quantum sensing from the viewpoint of the interested experimentalist.Comment: 45 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Rev. Mod. Phy

Radio-frequency magnetometry using a single electron spin

We experimentally demonstrate a simple and robust protocol for the detection of weak radio-frequency magnetic fields using a single electron spin in diamond. Our method relies on spin locking, where the Rabi frequency of the spin is adjusted to match the MHz signal frequency. In a proof-of-principle experiment we detect a 7.5 MHz magnetic probe field of 40 nT amplitude with <10 kHz spectral resolution over a T_1-limited noise floor of 0.3 nT/rtHz. Rotating-frame magnetometry may provide a direct and sensitive route to high-resolution spectroscopy of nanoscale nuclear spin signals

Ultrasensitive mechanical detection of magnetic moment using a commercial disk drive write head

Sensitive detection of weak magnetic moments is an essential capability in many areas of nanoscale science and technology, including nanomagnetism, quantum readout of spins, and nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we show that the write head of a commercial hard drive may enable significant advances in nanoscale spin detection. By approaching a sharp diamond tip to within 5 nm from the pole and measuring the induced diamagnetic moment with a nanomechanical force transducer, we demonstrate a spin sensitivity of 0.032 Bohr magnetons per root Hz, equivalent to 21 proton magnetic moments. The high sensitivity is enabled in part by the pole's strong magnetic gradient of up to 28 million Tesla per meter and in part by the absence of non-contact friction due to the extremely flat writer surface. In addition, we demonstrate quantitative imaging of the pole field with about 10 nm spatial resolution. We foresee diverse applications for write heads in experimental condensed matter physics, especially in spintronics, ultrafast spin manipulation, and mesoscopic physics.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure

Three-dimensional nuclear spin positioning using coherent radio-frequency control

Distance measurements via the dipolar interaction are fundamental to the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to molecular structure determination, but they only provide information on the absolute distance $r$ and polar angle $\theta$ between spins. In this Letter, we present a protocol to also retrieve the azimuth angle $\phi$. Our method relies on measuring the nuclear precession phase after application of a control pulse with a calibrated external radio-frequency coil. We experimentally demonstrate three-dimensional positioning of individual carbon-13 nuclear spins in a diamond host crystal relative to the central electronic spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy center. The ability to pinpoint three-dimensional nuclear locations is central for realizing a nanoscale NMR technique that can image the structure of single molecules with atomic resolution.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

High-bandwidth microcoil for fast nuclear spin control

The active manipulation of nuclear spins with radio-frequency (RF) coils is at the heart of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and spin-based quantum devices. Here, we present a microcoil transmitter system designed to generate strong RF pulses over a broad bandwidth, allowing for fast spin rotations on arbitrary nuclear species. Our design incorporates: (i) a planar multilayer geometry that generates a large field of 4.35 mT per unit current, (ii) a 50 Ohm transmission circuit with a broad excitation bandwidth of approximately 20 MHz, and (iii) an optimized thermal management for removal of Joule heating. Using individual 13C nuclear spins in the vicinity of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center as a test system, we demonstrate Rabi frequencies exceeding 70 kHz and nuclear pi/2 rotations within 3.4 us. The extrapolated values for 1H spins are about 240 kHz and 1 us, respectively. Beyond enabling fast nuclear spin manipulations, our microcoil system is ideally suited for the incorporation of advanced pulse sequences into micro- and nanoscale NMR detectors operating at low (<1 T) magnetic field.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Rev. Sci. Inst

Quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution

Quantum sensing takes advantage of well controlled quantum systems for performing measurements with high sensitivity and precision. We have implemented a concept for quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution, independent of the qubit probe and limited only by the stability of an external synchronization clock. Our concept makes use of quantum lock-in detection to continuously probe a signal of interest. Using the electronic spin of a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, we demonstrate detection of oscillating magnetic fields with a frequency resolution of 70 uHz over a MHz bandwidth. The continuous sampling further guarantees an excellent sensitivity, reaching a signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 10,000:1 for a 170 nT test signal measured during a one-hour interval. Our technique has applications in magnetic resonance spectroscopy, quantum simulation, and sensitive signal detection.Comment: Manuscript resubmitted to Science. Includes Supplementary Material