1,914 research outputs found
The effect of abstract versus concrete framing on judgments of biological and psychological bases of behavior
Human behavior is frequently described both in abstract, general terms and in concrete, specific terms. We asked whether these two ways of framing equivalent behaviors shift the inferences people make about the biological and psychological bases of those behaviors. In five experiments, we manipulated whether behaviors are presented concretely (i.e. with reference to a specific person, instantiated in the particular context of that personās life) or abstractly (i.e. with reference to a category of people or behaviors across generalized contexts). People judged concretely framed behaviors to be less biologically based and, on some dimensions, more psychologically based than the same behaviors framed in the abstract. These findings held true for both mental disorders (Experiments 1 and 2) and everyday behaviors (Experiments 4 and 5) and yielded downstream consequences for the perceived efficacy of disorder treatments (Experiment 3). Implications for science educators, students of science, and members of the lay public are discussed
Spin-orbit torques from interfacial spin-orbit coupling for various interfaces
We use a perturbative approach to study the effects of interfacial spin-orbit
coupling in magnetic multilayers by treating the two-dimensional Rashba model
in a fully three-dimensional description of electron transport near an
interface. This formalism provides a compact analytic expression for
current-induced spin-orbit torques in terms of unperturbed scattering
coefficients, allowing computation of spin-orbit torques for various contexts,
by simply substituting scattering coefficients into the formulas. It applies to
calculations of spin-orbit torques for magnetic bilayers with bulk magnetism,
those with interface magnetism, a normal metal/ferromagnetic insulator
junction, and a topological insulator/ferromagnet junction. It predicts a
dampinglike component of spin-orbit torque that is distinct from any intrinsic
contribution or those that arise from particular spin relaxation mechanisms. We
discuss the effects of proximity-induced magnetism and insertion of an
additional layer and provide formulas for in-plane current, which is induced by
a perpendicular bias, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and spin memory loss in
the same formalism.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Microscopic study of orbital textures
Many interesting spin and orbital transport phenomena originate from orbital
textures, referring to -dependent orbital states. Most of previous
works are based on symmetry analysis to model the orbital texture and analyze
its consequences. However the microscopic origins of orbital texture and its
strength are largely unexplored. In this work, we derive the orbital texture
Hamiltonians from microscopic tight-binding models for various situations. To
form an orbital texture, -dependent hybridization of orbital states
are necessary. We reveal two microscopic mechanisms for the hybridization: (i)
lattice structure effect and (ii) mediation by other orbital states. By
considering the orbital hybridization, we not only reproduce the orbital
Hamiltonian obtained by the symmetry analysis but also reveal previously
unreported orbital textures like orbital Dresselhaus texture and anisotropic
orbital texture. The orbital Hamiltonians obtained here would be useful for
analyzing the orbital physics and designing the materials suitable for
spin-orbitronic applications. We show that our theory also provides useful
microscopic insight into physical phenomena such as the orbital Rashba effect
and the orbital Hall effect. Our formalism is so generalizable that one can
apply it to obtain effective orbital Hamiltonians for arbitrary orbitals in the
presence of periodic lattice structures.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure
Prediction of Giant Spin Motive Force due to Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
Magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet can induce a spin-dependent electric
field through spin motive force. Spin current generated by the spin-dependent
electric field can in turn modify the magnetization dynamics through
spin-transfer torque. While this feedback effect is usually weak and thus
ignored, we predict that in Rashba spin-orbit coupling systems with large
Rashba parameter , the coupling generates the spin-dependent
electric field [\pm(\alpha_{\rm R}m_e/e\hbar) (\vhat{z}\times \partial
\vec{m}/\partial t)], which can be large enough to modify the magnetization
dynamics significantly. This effect should be relevant for device applications
based on ultrathin magnetic layers with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 4+ pages, 2 figure
Single-Port Transumbilical Laparoscopic-Assisted Adnexal Surgery
Single-port transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted surgery for large, benign adnexal tumors was found to be a feasible alternative to conventional laparoscopic or open surgical methods
Attitudes toward Using and Teaching Confidence Intervals: A Latent Profile Analysis on Elementary Statistics Instructors
The use of confidence intervals (CIs) for making a statistical inference is gaining popularity in research communities. To evaluate college statistics instructorsā readiness to teach CIs, this study explores their attitudes toward teaching CIs in elementary statistics courses, and toward using CIs in inferential statistics. Data were collected with a survey that classifies instructorsā attitudes on the basis of three previously established pedagogical components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. Based on the survey responses from 270 participants, we created three profiles (subgroups) via latent profile analysis, and identified each profileās pattern of attitudes toward CIs and common characteristics of the instructors that fit each profile. In addition, we compared the profiles across groupings created by six variables: gender, academic background, statistics teaching experience, subject preference, degree level, and desire to improve teaching. The results of the latent profile analysis support three profiles within the population of statistics instructors, and the results of the comparative analysis of teacher characteristics indicate that the six variables are moderate to strong predictors of the grouping of the sample into three profiles
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