Content Analysis of National Strategic Plans on HIV/AIDS and Global AIDS Response Progress Reports from Eight Southeast Asia Countries

The purpose of this study is to explore the national policies, strategies, and programmatic responses on HIV/AIDS in eight Southeast Asia Countries by analyzing the contents of the National Strategic Plans on HIV/AIDS (NSPs) and biennial country progress report to UNAIDS from these countries. METHODS: Thematic content analysis method was used to analyze a total of 24 documents of the National Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS and Global AIDS Response Progress Report submitted to UNAIDS from Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. NVivo10 qualitative analysis software was used for coding and organizing documents. RESULTS: 28 main categories with sub-categories emerged from coding and analysis of NSPs and country progress report documents from eight SEA countries. NSPs from all countries significantly failed to tackle key topics in policy, social and economic environment around HIV control such as women empowerment, illiteracy, armed conflicts, natural disaster and humanitarian emergencies. CONCLUSION: In order to align with the global HIV strategy to reach Millennium Development Goals to stop the spread of HIV by 2015, SEA countries should improve their NSPs and progress reports by addressing the political, social, cultural, and economic factors which urgently need to be addressed. New technologies and approaches are important for developing HIV interventions to stop the HIV epidemic, but addressing policy, economic and social environment around HIV epidemic and control in SEA regions is a key for those HIV intervention strategies and programs to be effective in controlling for HIV

Assessing the flood tolerance, physiological mechanism, and nutrient mitigation potential of short rotation woody crops planted on seasonally flooded marginal land of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley

In 2019, the Mississippi River watershed had a record-long flooding, which was comparable with the 1927 Great Mississippi River Flood. This study leveraged this flooded condition to assess the flood tolerance of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and black willow (Salix nigra) planted as short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) on seasonally flooded marginal land of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) in 2018. The survival/mortality prediction models developed by using hydrologic and environmental variables suggested that only high flood depth affected the survival of black willow. However, eastern cottonwood was threatened by flood depth, flood duration, and cumulative flooding temperature calculated by summing air temperatures while trees were flooded in 2019, 2020, and 2021. During the growing season, the models predicted that black willow could tolerate flood depth of 1.38 m in April, 1.52 m in May, and 0.74 m in June, while eastern cottonwood could tolerate 1.18 m in April, 0.86 m in May, and 0.85 m in June. Due to having higher flood tolerance thresholds, black willow had better survival and biomass production than eastern cottonwood. This study also identified critical physiological parameters that affected the biomass productivity of eastern cottonwood, black willow, and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis). Results showed that the growth of black willow was driven by nitrogen per unit leaf area (R2 = 0.41 and P-value = 0.004) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (R2 = 0.27 and P-value = 0.03); American sycamore was determined by stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.68 and P-value = 0.04) and transpiration rate (R2 = 0.70 and P-value = 0.04); and eastern cottonwood was not affected by either water or nitrogen factors. Understanding physiological strategies of these species provides useful information when matching site-species for riparian restoration in the LMAV. This study also found that a SRWC plantation could mitigate agricultural runoff by removing 78 to 83% of nitrate-nitrogen and 70 to 73% of orthophosphate-phosphorus from the groundwater before discharge to the Yazoo River. Therefore, rather than abandoning these areas, establishing SRWC plantations for bioenergy on marginal cropland can mitigate agricultural nutrient runoff and improve the water quality of the LMAV

Onsetsu hyoki no kyotsusei ni motozuita Ajia moji nyuryoku intafesu ni kansuru kenkyu

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3450号 ; 学位の種類:博士(国際情報通信学) ; 授与年月日:2011/10/26 ; 早大学位記番号:新577

The Impact of minimum wage policy on employment in Myanmar

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020The government of Myanmar introduced a minimum wage policy in 2015. The issue of Myanmar's minimum wage policy has been at the forefront among the general public, scholars, economists and the government because a recent economic transformation has taken place in Myanmar. There has been a growing interest in the potential for employment due to the minimum wage policy in Myanmar. Also, the impact of the national minimum wage policy implementation on female employment receives attentiveness to investigate as the women are traditionally discriminated against in terms of education and job opportunities in Myanmar. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of minimum wage policy in Myanmar and how the introduction of minimum wage setting has affected the employment of Myanmar's labor force. Additionally, this paper extends to explore the firm’s action in response to the government’s minimum wage policy whether installing supplementary machines to substitute labor resources. This paper applies a fixed effect estimation method by using the World Bank's enterprise panel data set surveyed from 2014 to 2016 in Myanmar. Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces not only full-time but also part-time employment. In contrast, the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. However, the adverse impacts pronounce more in female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and the enterprises located in the small populated regions. Manufacturing enterprises destroy full-time employment more than service enterprises do. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute labor after the minimum wage policy implementation, as a result, the full-time employment slightly decreases. Basically, Myanmar's first and foremost minimum wage policy implementation does not affect employment substantially. Thus, appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be undertaken regularly by the government and institutions related to the labor union to be a sound instrument for the government and the well-being of employees as well as employers. Whenever the government of Myanmar fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year, it should be a manageable wage for both the employer and the employee to prevent possible issues and losses that could result from the minimum wage being set.I. Introduction II. Literature Review III. Hypotheses Development IV. Data and Methodology V. Empirical Results and Discussion VI. ConclusionmasterpublishedMin Thu KYA

The Use of Landsat Imagery and Spatial Analysis to Detect Forest Cover Change and Degradation, and Determine Forest Management Suitability Indices in the Bago Mountain Region of Myanmar

The Bago Mountain region in Myanmar is known as the “Home of Teak” (Tectona grandis) due to the occurrence of natural teak forests. Nowadays, the composition of this valuable timber species is declining in the region. Thus, the first objective of this study was to quantify forest cover changes between 2000 and 2017. The second objective was to develop GIS models and determine potential sites for reforestation activities. The results revealed that between 2000 and 2017, the annual deforestation rate was 0.78%, and annual forest degradation rate was 1.35%. In addition to reporting the forest cover changes, this GIS land suitability analysis could provide important spatial information for immediate teak restoration planning and investments. The steps employed in this study can be referred to as a protocol for locating candidate sites for reforestation in other geographic areas

On the induced subgraphs of the zero-divisor graph of a matrix ring over number rings

We provide a construction of the induced subgraphs of the zero-divisor graph of $M_2(R)$ for the ring $R$ of algebraic integers of some number fields that are neither complete nor connected, and study the structure of the induced subgraphs explicitly. As an application, we prove that the automorphism group of the zero-divisor graph of $M_2(R)$ is not a Jordan group.Comment: Any valuable comments are welcom

DEVELOPMENT OF CEREAL-BASED NUTRI BAR COMBINING WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PARTIALLY SPROUTED CHICKPEAS FLOUR

Modern consumers prefer snacks not only to satisfy their hunger but also to provide themselves with essential nutrients. Nutri bar is a convenient and healthy ready-to-eat food which supplies balanced nutrients. The nutritional value of the bars depends heavily on their ingredients used. Cereal-legume complementation is one of the strategies to produce the nutri bar with good protein quality and therefore the present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of partially sprouted chickpea flour (PSCF) with high protein content and nutrients on physicochemical properties of cereal-based nutri bar. Five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of PSCF were combined with other ingredients based on 100% reducing cereals (wheat and oat). Physical and chemical properties were determined and sensory evaluation was assessed using 9 hedonic scales by 55 panelists. Nutri bar with 40% of PSCF was highest in crude protein (20.58%) and crude fiber content (8.91%) among the treatments. Although most of the physicochemical properties were good in 40% PSCF, the score of overall acceptability in sensory evaluation was highest in 20% PSCF. Therefore, PSCF can be successfully added up to 20% levels for high quality protein and balanced nutrients for manufacturing of cereal-based nutri bars

ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF POPULAR CAFE IN MANDALAY, MYANMAR

This research aims to examine the factors influencing customer satisfaction and loyalty towards the popular cafe in Mandalay, Myanmar. The researcher applied the factors, including perceived customer to employee interaction, perceived service quality, and perceived value. The sample size of this study is 400, and questionnaires are distributed at Mingalar Mandalay Complex. In this study, the researcher applied non-probability sampling methods, including purposive and convenience sampling techniques. The researcher also used the five-point Likert scale, designed as research instruments. To test the hypotheses, the researcher used both simple linear regression and multiple linear regression to analyze and calculate the data.  Based on the research finding, the researcher found that perceived service quality significantly influenced perceived value and perceived customer to employee interaction, and perceived value significantly influenced customer satisfaction except for perceived service quality. Furthermore, perceived value and customer satisfaction significantly influenced customer loyalty