Chemical constituents from the roots of <i>Leea thorelii</i> Gagnep.

<div><p>Phytochemical investigation of the roots of <i>Leea thorelii</i> led to the isolation of nine compounds. Their structures were determined from spectroscopic data as bergenin (<b>1</b>), 11-<i>O</i>-acetyl bergenin (<b>2</b>), 11-<i>O</i>-(4′-<i>O</i>-methylgalloyl) bergenin (<b>3</b>), 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (<b>4</b>), ( − )-epicatechin (<b>5</b>), 4″-<i>O</i>-methyl-( − )-epicatechin gallate (<b>6</b>), ( − )-epicatechin gallate (<b>7</b>), microminutinin (<b>8</b>) and stigmasterol. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> are reported for the first time from this plant, and this is also the first report of the presence of <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>6</b> and <b>8</b> in the Vitaceae family.</p></div

Mycotoxins from the Fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum

Two new sterigmatocystin derivatives, oxisterigmatocystins E and F (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, respectively), along with nine known compounds, oxisterigmatocystins G and H (<b>3</b> and <b>4</b>, respectively), sterigmatocystin (<b>5</b>), N-0532B (<b>6</b>), <i>O</i>-methylsterigmatocystin (<b>7</b>), N-0532A (<b>8</b>), 6-<i>O</i>-methylversicolorin A (<b>9</b>), 6,8-<i>O</i>-dimethylversicolorin A (<b>10</b>), and 8-<i>O</i>-methylaverufin (<b>11</b>), were isolated from the fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum. The structures of these mycotoxins were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Among these, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>9</b> were discovered as natural products for the first time. Compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> displayed antimalarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum (IC₅₀ = 7.9–23.9 μM). In addition, compounds <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> and <b>8</b>–<b>11</b> exhibited cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7, and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC₅₀ = 0.38–78.6 μM). However, compounds <b>1</b>–<b>9</b> showed cytotoxic effects against the <i>Vero</i> cell line (IC₅₀ = 0.65–12.3 μM). This finding should promote awareness of the contamination of <i>B. piluliferum</i> in the food chain and agricultural soil

A new benzyl ester and ergosterol derivatives from the fungus <i>Gymnoascus reessii</i>

<div><p>A new benzyl ester, reessiate (<b>1</b>), anthraquinone, islandicin (<b>2</b>), ergosterol and seven ergosterol derivatives (<b>3</b>–<b>9</b>) were isolated from the fungus <i>Gymnoascus reessii</i>. All structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of their isolation from this fungus. Compounds <b>4</b>–<b>7</b> and <b>9</b> exhibited antimalarial activity against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> with IC₅₀ values in the range of 3.3–4.5 μg/mL. In addition, <b>4</b> showed cytotoxicity against KB, MCF7 and NCI-H187 cancer cell lines. It was found that <b>4</b> has cytotoxic effect to MCF7 (IC₅₀ = 7.9 μg/mL) lower than Doxorubicin (IC₅₀ = 8.5 μg/mL).</p></div

A new coumarin from the roots of <i>Micromelum minutum</i>

<p>A new coumarin, minutuminolate (<b>1</b>), together with eleven known coumarins (<b>2</b>–<b>12</b>), was isolated from the roots of <i>Micromelum minutum</i>. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>10</b>, <b>11</b> and <b>12</b> showed cytotoxicity against KB cell line. In addition, compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>11</b> and <b>12</b> also showed weak cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 cell line.</p

Two new flavanonols from the bark of <i>Akschindlium godefroyanum</i>

<div><p>The first phytochemical investigation of the bark of <i>Akschindlium godefroyanum</i> (Kuntze) H. Ohashi (Fabaceae), a Thai herbal medicine, resulted in the isolation of two new flavanonols, 7,3′,5′-trihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanonol (<b>1</b>) and 7,4′-dihydroxy-5,3′-dimethoxyflavanonol (<b>2</b>), and eight known compounds comprising one flavonol, geraldol (<b>3</b>); three flavanonols, (+)-taxifolin (<b>4</b>), (+)-fustin (<b>5</b>) and aromadendrin 5-methyl ether (<b>6</b>); one catechin, (–)-epigallocatechin (<b>7</b>); one triterpenoid, lupeol (<b>8</b>); one steroid, stigmasterol (<b>9</b>) and one steroid glycoside, stigmasterol-3-<i>O</i>-β-d-glucoside (<b>10</b>). Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.</p></div

Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Azaphilones from <i>Chaetomium longirostre</i>

Four new azaphilones named longirostrerones A–D (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) and three known sterols, ergosteryl palmitate, ergosterol, and ergosterol peroxide, have been isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the fungus <i>Chaetomium longirostre</i>. These structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, MS, and CD spectroscopy. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> exhibited strong cytotoxicity against KB cancer cell lines (IC₅₀ 0.23–6.38 μM), while only <b>1</b> showed potent cytotoxicity against MCF7 and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC₅₀ 0.24 and 3.08 μM, respectively). In addition, <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> showed antimalarial activity against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (IC₅₀ 0.62–3.73 μM)

A new meroterpenoid tatenoic acid from the fungus <i>Neosartorya tatenoi</i> KKU-2NK23

<div><p>A new meroterpenoid, named tatenoic acid (<b>1</b>), was isolated from the fungus <i>Neosartorya tatenoi</i> KKU-2NK23, together with five known compounds, aszonapyrones A and B (<b>2</b> and <b>3</b>), aszonalenin (<b>4</b>), ergosterol (<b>5</b>) and d-mannitol (<b>6</b>). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Aszonapyrones A (<b>2</b>) exhibited antimalarial activity against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, and it also exhibited cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines, NCI-H187 and KB.</p></div

Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Flavans and Diarylpropanes from the Stems of <i>Combretum griffithii</i>

Four new flavans, griffinoids A–D (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>), and two new diarylpropanes, griffithanes E and F (<b>7</b> and <b>8</b>), together with two known flavans (<b>5</b> and <b>6</b>), four known diarylpropanes, and β-sitosterol, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the stems of <i>Combretum griffithii</i>. Compounds <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>9</b> exhibited weak antiplasmodial activity, with IC₅₀ values of 15.74, 13.04, 9.66, and 14.45 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds <b>4</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>8</b> also exhibited weak cytotoxicity toward one or more cancer cell lines including human epidermoid carcinoma, human breast cancer, and human small cell lung cancer cell lines

Inhibition of nitric oxide production by clerodane diterpenoids from leaves and stems of <i>Croton poomae</i> Esser

Chromatographic separation of crude extracts from the leaves and stems of Croton poomae Esser led to the isolation of two new clerodane diterpenes crotonolide K (1) and furocrotinsulolide A acetate (2) and six known clerodane diterpenes (3–8), together with twelve known compounds (9–20). Their structures were established from spectroscopic analysis. The clerodane diterpenoids 1–8 were evaluated for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 showed potent inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 32.19 to 48.85 μM, which is better than both the standard drugs indomethacin (154.5 μM) and dexamethasone (56.28 μM). </p