An Eco-friendly Approach for Nanosilver Synthesis and its Therapeutic Aspects

Nanosciences along with the emergence of nanobiotechnolgy and nanomedicine in the last few decades provided a number of opportunities for exploring the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of metal nanoparticles. In the present scenario silver in the form of nanoparticles are playing a major role in the field of Nanotechnology and Nano medicine, their unique size dependent properties make them superior and indispensable. Silver nanoparticles are particles in the size ranging between 1 and 100 nm. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through array of conventional methods, biological route of synthesizing are good competent over the physical and chemical techniques. Green principle route of synthesizing have emerged as alternative to overcome the limitation of conventional methods among which plant and microorganisms are majorly exploited. Employing plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles are emerging as advantageous compared to microbes with the presence of  broad variability of bio-molecules in plants can act as capping and reducing agents and thus increases the rate of reduction and stabilization. In addition, the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods. Nanosilver has developed as a potent antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent and also in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent trends in synthesizing nanoparticles via biological entities and their potential applications. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Nanosilver, Green synthesis, Application

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a comprehensive clinical update

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy as a disease is yet to be comprehended completely. The clinical features consisting of huge serosanguineous retinal pigment epithelial and neurosensory layer detachments, although unique may closely mimick neovascular age-related macular degeneration and other counterparts. The investigative modalities starting from indocyanine angiography to optical coherence tomography angiography provide diagnostic challenges. The management strategies based on the available therapies are plenty and not vivid. A detailed review with clarifying images has been compiled with an aim to help the readers in getting a better understanding of the disease

Synthesis of 2-aryl quinoxaline derivatives and their <i>in silico</i> investigation for breast cancer medication

The main objective of the present work is to synthesize and identify the potential breast cancer medication of 2-aryl quinoxaline ­derivatives via in silico investigations. Synthesis of 2-aryl quinoxaline derivatives have been achieved via the reaction of 3-aroylmethylene-2H-indol-2-ones 1 with various 1,2-diamines. Good yields were obtained at 60 °C in methanol by using graphene oxide (GO) as catalyst, however, the regio selectivity in case of unsymmetrically substituted diamines were low to moderated. This is the first report of the oxidative cleavage of C = C bond during the course of the reaction. Molecular docking study of these synthesized compounds were employed to calculate the binding affinity with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). 6-Bromo-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine 3k showed highest binding energy of −7.70 kcal/mol depicting the potential inhibitor of HER2 receptor protein. However, this study needs to be supported by in vitro and in vivo studies.</p