Standard Model Higgs Searches at the LHC

An overview of the searches for the Standard Model Higgs boson at the LHC is presented. The main Higgs production and decay modes that have been studied are introduced, and the analysis techniques and the recent developments done by the ATLAS and CMS experiments are described. Some preliminary results from current studies are included. The discovery potential within the first few years of physics running is evaluated

Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in non-HCC-like xenografts.

<p>PCR amplification of the variable region of the human IgH gene demonstrating unique dominant rearrangements in all of the non-HCC-like xenografts, confirming clonal B-cell proliferation. Dominant rearrangements were not amplified in HCC-like xenografts. Successful amplification of the β-globin gene confirms integrity of the genomic DNA analyzed.</p

Patient demographics, parent HCC grade, and xenograft characteristics.

a<p>Degree of tumor differentiation documented in clinical pathology report.</p>b<p>Number of days between implantation of tumor sample and harvesting of a 1.5 cm3 xenograft.</p>c<p>Both xenografts demonstrated similar histology.</p>d<p>Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.</p

Expression of leukocyte markers and EBER in non-HCC-like xenografts.

<p>(A) Representative section (×200) from a parent HCC sample that gave rise to a non-HCC-like xenograft, demonstrating a typical distribution of CD45⁺ leukocytes along a portal tract invaded by the tumor, only a small fraction of which are CD20⁺ B lymphocytes; EBER ISH is negative. (B) Representative sections (×400) from three non-HCC-like xenografts demonstrating that a very high proportion of cells stain positively for human CD45 and human CD20 (brown), consistent with human B lymphocytes; EBER ISH is very strongly positive in the cells in these xenografts (dark blue). (C) Representative multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of freshly isolated cells from a non-HCC-like xenograft demonstrating that a large proportion of tumor cells are human CD45⁺ leukocytes (left plot), and that the majority of the gated CD45⁺ population also expresses human CD19⁺ (right plot), consistent with B lymphocytes.</p

Study on the crystal transformation of ammonium polyphosphate crystalline form V

<p>The crystal transformation of ammonium polyphosphate crystalline form V (APPv) was studied. The effects of heating time and water content in the reactor were explored. The results showed that APPv underwent complete conversion to crystalline form II (APPii) when heated at 200°C. The pure and water-insoluble APPii was obtained under the alternate wet ammonia and dry ammonia atmosphere. Then, the thermal behavior of APPv and APPii was investigated. The TG analysis showed APPv had high thermal stability over the range of 300°C to 580°C, which was possibly due to its highly cross-linked structures.</p

Partition behavior of spiramycin in an aqueous two-phase system based on polyethylene glycol and sulfates

<p>A polymer–salt aqueous two-phase system based on polyethylene glycol and sulfates was applied to explore the partition behavior of spiramycin. Binodal curves were measured by the turbidimetric titration method. The influence of temperature, salt concentration, and pH on the distribution behavior was investigated in detail by determining the partition coefficient and extraction efficiency. As pH and salt concentration increase, the partition coefficients increase accordingly. It was found that pH displays a significant influence on the partition behavior. The partition coefficient and extraction efficiency can reach 42.46 and 97.8%, respectively, at pH 9.0 and 15.80% (w/w) salt concentration.</p

Temperature-Responsive Cocrystal Engineering for Efficacious Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Herbicide

Addressing the challenges posed by the low water solubility of numerous herbicides is crucial as it directly affects their bioavailability and efficacy. This limited solubility often results in overapplication, increasing both environmental persistence and risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Atrazine (ATR), a widely recognized photosynthesis inhibitor, is emblematic of this dilemma, often requiring doses that far exceed the optimal levels for effective weed control. Cocrystal engineering has emerged as a promising solution. In our study, we synthesized cocrystals of ATR with propanedioic acid (PA) and succinic acid (SA). These cocrystals displayed a marked enhancement in intrinsic dissolution rates, with increases up to most 22.518-fold across a temperature range of 10–30 °C, which in turn greatly improved ATR’s release dynamics. In addition, the solubility varied, increasing to different degrees at different temperatures. This augmentation not only elevated its herbicidal potency, evident from the preferential order of ATR-PA over ATR-SA and then ATR, but also safeguarded against any negative impacts on crop corn. Intriguingly, an increment of just 10 °C in temperature had a more pronounced effect than doubling the herbicide dosage, highlighting the pivotal role of ambient conditions. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of cocrystal engineering to optimize the performance and mitigate the environmental impact of herbicides with restricted water solubility

Thermodynamics in Separation for the Ternary System 1,2-Ethanediol + 1,2-Propanediol + 2,3-Butanediol

The thermodynamic data in distillation, i.e., isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium data, have been measured for the three binary systems of 1,2-ethanediol + 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-ethanediol + 2,3-butanediol, and 1,2-propanediol + 2,3-butanediol at 101.3 kPa. The accuracy of the experimental data was confirmed by both Herington test and Van Ness test. The thermodynamic properties of the vapor phase have been calculated with the Hayden–O’Connell equation in consideration of nonideality. The liquid activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated with the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models, while the estimated results from the UNIFAC model are not satisfactory. The corresponding binary interaction parameters of the three models Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC were calculated and used to obtain the residual curves of the ternary system 1,2-ethanediol + 1,2-propanediol + 2,3-butanediol. Based on all of the preceding results, a two-column distillation process has been designed to obtain the required products

Synthesis of Hemoglobin Conjugated Polymeric Micelle: A ZnPc Carrier with Oxygen Self-Compensating Ability for Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising singlet oxygen (¹O₂) mediated clinical treatment for many tumors. As the source of ¹O₂, oxygen plays an important role in the curative effect of PDT. However, the facts of photochemical depletion of oxygen and the intrinsic hypoxic microenvironment of tumors remain the major challenges. In this work, a novel photosensitizer carrier with oxygen self-compensating ability was designed for PDT. It was synthesized via chemical conjugation of hemoglobin (Hb) to polymeric micelles formed by triblock copolymers of poly­(ethylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-poly­(acrylic acid)-<i>block</i>-polystyrene (PEG-<i>b</i>-PAA-<i>b</i>-PS). The PEG-<i>b</i>-PAA-<i>b</i>-PS and resultant micelles in aqueous solution were comprehensively characterized by means of FTIR, ¹H NMR, GPC, DLS, TEM, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The oxygen-binding capacity and antioxidative activity of the Hb conjugated micelles were evaluated via UV–vis spectroscopy. In addition, compared with the control micelles without Hb, the Hb conjugated photosensitizer carrier was able to generate more ¹O₂ and exert greater photocytotoxicity on Hela cells in vitro

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test (IPGTT) shows that GLP-1/<i>h</i>IgG2 improves glucose tolerance in CD-1 mice.

<p>After 16 h fasting, CD1 mice were i.p. injected with GLP-1/<i>h</i>IgG2 (1 µg/mouse). 30 min after the injection, IPGTT were conducted by i.p. injection of 1.5 g/kg of glucose and blood glucose levels were measured by a glucometer at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 minutes after glucose administration. (B) 192-h after a single-dose injection of GLP-1/<i>h</i>IgG2 in CD1 mice, the mice were fasted for 16 h and IPGTT were conducted as described in (A).</p