FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUID ORAL SUSPENSION OF PARACETAMOL USING NEWLY ISOLATED AND CHARACTERIZED HYGROPHILA SPINOSA SEED MUCILAGE AS SUSPENDING AGENT

Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate and evaluate the suspending property of newly isolated, purified, and characterized Hygrophila spinosa seed mucilage in liquid oral suspensions of paracetamol.Methods: Isolation of mucilage from H. spinosa seeds was done by maceration process, and then it was characterized by phytochemical screening, solubility, pH, swelling index, flow rate, viscosity, loss on drying, and cytotoxicity. The characterized mucilage was then used as a suspending agent for the preparation of suspensions containing paracetamol as a model drug. The prepared formulations were then evaluated for different parameters such as sedimentation volume, redispersibility, flow rate, pH, viscosity, and other physical examination.Results: The isolated mucilage is a polysaccharide with no impurities and nontoxic in nature. It has got enough swellability and good viscosity. The prepared suspensions were evaluated, and the results such as sedimentation volume, redispersibility, flow rate, pH, viscosity, and other physical examination showed its suspending property.Conclusion: The study revealed that a lesser amount of H. spinosa seed mucilage can produce a good suspension. By this study, it could be find out that a 1/5th quantity of mucilage (0.2%) is only required to prepare a suspension of paracetamol when compared with suspensions prepared of compound tragacanth (1%) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1%) as suspending agents. Thus, by this study, it can be stated that the mucilage from H. spinosa possesses all the criteria needed by a standard suspending agent.Â

Successful outcome of pregnancy in RHD with severe MS, severe pulmonary artery hypertension, moderate MR/TR/AR and mild AR

Rheumatic heart disease with severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in pregnancy is a grave situation, present with high maternal morbidity and mortality. In this case report, we describe our successful management of such a case which was even more difficult in combination with sever mitral stenosis, severe pulmonary artery hypertension and mild to moderate MR/TR. This patient got her diagnosis late in pregnancy, beyond the time at which a therapeutic termination could not have been performed

Successful outcome in a patient with glioma of brain with twin pregnancy

We present a case of glioma in pregnant female with twin pregnancy. Gliomas during pregnancy are rare. Gliomas during pregnancy pose a risk to maternal and fetal life. The benefit-to-risk ratio should be carefully evaluated and discussed prior to get marriage and pregnancy. In present case, patient had non-specific symptom like seizure and no any focal neurological deficit, Caesarean Section (CS) was done at term with multidisciplinary group, including a neurosurgeon, obstetrician, anesthesiologist and neonatologist. She has been followed up to the present date and remains in good health

Radiolabeling, biodistribution and gamma scintigraphy of noscapine hydrochloride in normal and polycystic ovary induced rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Noscapine, an alkaloid from <it>Papaver somniferum</it>, widely used as an antitussive, is being clinically studied in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a few other cancers primarily because of its anti-angiogenesis properties. With the advent of diverse application of noscapine, we sought to determine whether the radiolabeling method can be useful in studying uptake and kinetics of the molecule in-vivo. Specific objectives of this study were to radiolabel noscapine with Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), to determine its organ biodistribution in rat model and study its uptake kinetics in PCOS model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A method for radiolabeling noscapine with Tc-99m was standardized using stannous reduction method and its in vitro and in vivo stability parameters were studied. The radiopharmaceutical was also evaluated for blood kinetics and biodistribution profile. An animal model of PCOS was created by using antiprogesterone RU486 and uptake of ^99mTc-noscapine in normal and PCOS ovaries was compared using gamma scintigraphy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Noscapine hydrochloride was successfully radiolabeled with Tc-99m with high labeling efficiency and in vitro stability. Most of the blood clearance of the drug (80%) took place in first hour after intravascular injection with maximum accumulation being observed in liver, spleen, kidney followed by the ovary. At 4 hours post injection, radiolabeled complex accumulation doubled in PCOS ovaries in rats (0.9 ± 0.03% ID/whole organ) compared to normal cyclic rats (0.53 ± 0.01% ID/whole organ). This observation was further strengthened by scintigraphic images of rats taken at different time intervals (1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h) where SPECT images suggested discrete accumulation in the PCOS ovaries.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Through our study we report direct radiolabeling of noscapine and its biodistribution in various organs and specific uptake in PCOS that may show its utility for imaging ovarian pathology. The increased ovarian uptake in PCOS may be related to its receptor binding suggesting possible role of ^99mTc-noscapine in PCOS diagnostics and therapeutics.</p

A rare case of urinary bladder rupture and rupture uterus in an unscarred uterus during vacuum assisted vaginal delivery

Operative vaginal delivery is the use of a vacuum or a forceps device to assist the mother in effecting vaginal delivery of a fetus. The incidence of operative vaginal delivery in U.S.A is 5% or one in 20 deliveries. A 30 year old Para 2 was referred to our institute with complaints of abdominal distension and urinary catheter draining hemorrhagic urine since her delivery. Patient gave history of a Vacuum assisted vaginal delivery three days back at a government hospital. Her previous obstetric history was uneventful. On general examination, she was conscious, with B.P. 110/60 mm of Hg and pulse rate was 84/min. Mild pallor was present.  Abdominal examination revealed a distended and tender abdomen. Laparotomy was performed along with a team of general surgeon and Urologists. Rupture of uterus in an unscarred uterus is a very rare entity with an estimated occurrence of one in 8000 to 15,000 deliveries8. Common risk factors for rupture uterus are caesarean section, inappropriate prostaglandin and oxytocin usage, previous instrumental abortion, instrumental delivery, vigorous fundal delivery, etc. Assisted vaginal delivery using vacuum or forceps avoids unnecessary caesarean sections, and thus reduces the associated morbidity. Different studies have proved vacuum is safer than forceps; however expertise is needed for the application of both the instruments

IMPACT OF ADVERTSEMENT ON CHILDREN BUYING BEHAVIOR (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS, MADANAPALLI, CHITTOOR DISTRICT)

&nbsp;Television is perhaps the most grounded medium in a general public. Because of its scope it has the ability to impact culture of a specific nation. To the extent worldwide business is concerned publicizing is one of the essential parts in promoting the executives. It is, in fact, the most prevalent and alluring method for presenting goods and businesses to the general populace in today's civilization. Promotions form opinions and convictions on any goods or services. Magazines, newspapers, TV, and radio without commercials are now impossible to forecast. An enormous sum is going through in notices each year by the Indian ice cream parlor players for their items and because of this non-marked and nearby item has seen decrease in their deals. These promotions have direct effect on kids and kids are very sharp today. They are made mindful of such items such that they likewise realize different brands accessible in advertise for chocolates, chips, rolls and others. All the children irrespective of gender are affected by TV notice the extent that purchasing conduct is concerned. However, there is fairly contrast in the method for persuading guardians to purchase any item. But there is a slight difference of impact on gender that shows more on Boy child than Girl child. Because of these differences the researchers made a modest effort to focus on this area to prove that Impact of advertisement on Children Buying Behavior

Histopathological changes in the arrector pili muscle of normal appearing skin in leprosy patients

AbstractBackgroundLeprosy is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects not only the peripheral nerves and skin, but also various internal viscera through hematogenous spread, especially in lepromatous cases. Histology in its own way plays a vital role, not only in classifying the established lesion, but also in confirming the clinical diagnosis. During the latent period of subclinical involvement, the apparently normal looking skin might also be undergoing some pathological changes.MethodsWe investigated skin biopsy material taken from 60 patients with clinically diagnosed leprosy at Subharti Hospital, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, India. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Harada's modified allochrome method for acid-fast bacilli were applied for histological investigations.ResultsThe pattern of leprosy among the patients was indeterminate in 25 cases (41.7%), tuberculoid in 14 (23.3%), borderline tuberculoid in six (10%), borderline leprosy in four (6.7%), borderline lepromatous in four (6.7%), and lepromatous leprosy in seven (11.7%). Changes were seen in the arrector pili muscle of normal appearing skin in all types of leprosy, but involvement was greater at the lepromatous end of the spectrum compared to the tuberculoid end.ConclusionsResults of this study revealed definitive histological changes in the arrector pili muscle in normal appearing skin. The presence of AFB is significant as far as dissemination and transmission of the disease is concerned

RAPD analysis of induced mutants of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Radiation-induced mutants of groundnut cv. Spanish Improved showing distinct morphological differences and the parent were screened for RAPD variability. The analysis revealed characteristic band differences among the 12 mutants and the parent. The polymorphic RAPD bands were dominant in the F1 and segregated in a Mendelian fashion in the F2. The RAPD technique brought out greater genome variability than RFLP

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Cinnamomum malabatrum leaf extract and its antibacterial activity

525-530Development of green nanotechnology has attracted significant attention of researchers towards the eco-friendly green synthesis of nanoparticles. The present study reports a green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum in appropriate conditions. It is observed that the leaf extract can act as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize CuO NPs. The synthesized NPs are characterized using XRD. The XRD pattern clearly suggests the crystalline nature and monoclinic structure of the synthesized composition. The average crystalline size is calculated using Debye-Scherrer relation and it was found to be 17nm. The FT-IR analysis is carried out in order to investigate the biomolecules present in the synthesized CuO NPs. The presence of CuO NPS is confirmed with EDX. The TEM and SEM images reveal the spherical shape of the NPs and the size of the NPs calculated is consistent with XRD results. The antibacterial activity of these NPs is tested against four human pathogenic bacteria both Gram-positive (S.aureus) and Gram-negative (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, and P.mirabilis). The synthesized CuO NPs show significant antibacterial activity against all the four bacteria