Review of the Refeeding Syndrome

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142310/1/ncp0625.pd

Unmasking silent neurotoxicity following developmental exposure to environmental toxicants

AbstractSilent neurotoxicity, a term introduced approximately 25years ago, is defined as a persistent change to the nervous system that does not manifest as overt evidence of toxicity (i.e. it remains clinically unapparent) unless unmasked by experimental or natural processes. Silent neurotoxicants can be challenging for risk assessors, as the multifactorial experiments needed to reveal their effects are seldom conducted, and they are not addressed by current study design guidelines. This topic was the focus of a symposium addressing the interpretation and use of silent neurotoxicity data in human health risk assessments of environmental toxicants at the annual meeting of the Developmental Neurotoxicology Society (previously the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society) on June 30th, 2014. Several factors important to the design and interpretation of studies assessing the potential for silent neurotoxicity were discussed by the panelists and audience members. Silent neurotoxicity was demonstrated to be highly specific to the characteristics of the animals being examined, the unmasking agent tested, and the behavioral endpoint(s) evaluated. Overall, the experimental examples presented highlighted a need to consider common adverse outcomes and common biological targets for chemical and non-chemical stressors, particularly when the exposure and stressors are known to co-occur. Risk assessors could improve the evaluation of silent neurotoxicants in assessments through specific steps from researchers, including experiments to reveal the molecular targets and mechanisms that may result in specific types of silent neurotoxicity, and experiments with complex challenges reminiscent of the human situation

The Early Palomar Program (1950-1955) for the Discovery of Classical Novae in M81: Analysis of the Spatial Distribution, Magnitude Distribution, and Distance Suggestion

Data obtained in the 1950-1955 Palomar campaign for the discovery of classical novae in M81 are set out in detail. Positions and apparent B magnitudes are listed for the 23 novae that were found. There is modest evidence that the spatial distribution of the novae does not track the B brightness distribution of either the total light or the light beyond an isophotal radius that is 70\arcsec from the center of M81. The nova distribution is more extended than the aforementioned light, with a significant fraction of the sample appearing in the outer disk/spiral arm region. We suggest that many (perhaps a majority) of the M81 novae that are observed at any given epoch (compared with say $10^{10}$ years ago) are daughters of Population I interacting binaries. The conclusion that the present day novae are drawn from two population groups, one from low mass white dwarf secondaries of close binaries identified with the bulge/thick disk population, and the other from massive white dwarf secondaries identified with the outer thin disk/spiral arm population, is discussed. We conclude that the M81 data are consistent with the two population division as argued previously from (1) the observational studies on other grounds by Della Valle et al. (1992, 1994), Della Valle & Livio (1998), and Shafter et al. (1996) of nearby galaxies, (2) the Hatano et al. (1997a,b) Monte Carlo simulations of novae in M31 and in the Galaxy, and (3) the Yungelson et al. (1997) population synthesis modeling of nova binaries. Two different methods of using M81 novae as distance indicators give a nova distance modulus for M81 as $(m-M)_0 = 27.75$, consistent with the Cepheid modulus that is the same value.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted to PAS

Which Method-Stereotype Changes are Indicators of Code Smells?

A study of how method roles evolve during the lifetime of a software system is presented. Evolution is examined by analyzing when the stereotype of a method changes. Stereotypes provide a high-level categorization of a method\u27s behavior and role, and also provide insight into how a method interacts with its environment and carries out tasks. The study covers 50 open-source systems and 6 closed-source systems. Results show that method behavior with respect to stereotype is highly stable and constant over time. Overall, out of all the history examined, only about 10% of changes to methods result in a change in their stereotype. Examples of methods that change stereotype are further examined. A select number of these types of changes are indicators of code smells

Economic Analysis of Alvimopan—A Clarification and Commentary

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98345/1/phar1193.pd

Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial metabolism as a strategy to maximize mAb production in industrial CHO cell cultures

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The Whole is Not the Sum of Its Parts: Specific Types of Positive Affect Influence Sleep Differentially

Given the known detrimental effects of poor sleep on an array of psychological and physical health processes, it is critical to understand the factors that protect sleep, especially during times of stress when sleep particularly suffers. Positive affect (PA) arises as a variable of interest given its known associations with health and health behaviors and its ability to buffer stress. In two studies, we examined which types of PA (distinguished by arousal level and trait/state measurement) were most beneficial for sleep and whether these associations varied depending on the stress context. In Study 1, college students (N = 99) reported on their PA and sleep during the week of a major exam. In Study 2, two weeks of daily PA and sleep data were collected during a period with no examinations in a similar sample of students (N = 83). Results indicated that high trait vigor was tied to better sleep efficiency and quality, especially during high stress. Trait calm was generally unhelpful to sleep, and was related negatively to sleep duration. State calm, on the other hand, interacted with stress in Study 2 to predict more efficient day-to-day sleep on days with higher average stress. These findings illustrate the importance of considering arousal level, affect duration, and stress context in studies of PA and health

Linezolid Clearance During Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration: A Case Report

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90207/1/phco.23.8.1071.32874.pd

Impact of an Intravenous Magnesium Shortage on Potassium Doses in Adult Surgical Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141001/1/jpen0688.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141001/2/jpen0688-sup-0001.pd