234 research outputs found

    Search for the Cryptoexotic Member of the Baryon Antidecuplet 1/2+ in the Reactions pi- p --> pi- p and pi- p --> K L

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    The main goal of this proposal is the search for a narrow cryptoexotic nucleon resonance by scanning of the pi- p system invariant mass in the region (1610-1770) MeV with the detection of pi- p and K Lambda decays. The scan is supposed to be done by the variation of the incident pi- momentum and its measurement with the accuracy of up to +-0.1% (better than 1 MeV in terms of the invariant mass in the whole energy range) with a set of proportional chambers located in the first focus of the magnetooptical channel. High sensitivity of the method to the resonance under search is shown. The secondary particles scattered from a liquid hydrogen target are detected by sets of the wire drift chambers equipped with modern electronics. The time scale of the project is about 3 years. The budget estimate including manpower, the apparatus and operation cost, is about 40 million rubles. The beam time required is (4-6) two week runs on "high" (10 GeV/c) flattop of the ITEP proton synchrotron.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures. v2: an acknowledge adde

    Ранняя активизация Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ сСрдца

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    Objective: to analyze the safety and clinical efficiency of early activation of patients operated on for coronary heart disease under extracorporeal circulation. Subjects and methods. The data available in the case histories of 673 patients aged 29β€”76 years, operated on in 1995, 2004, and 2006, were analyzed. The study excluded patients with severe intraoperative complications (acute myocardial infarction, a need for extracorporeal circulation, and surgical bleeding). Early activation was made on an operating table if there were no contraindications. Some sections of the study were performed in the matched patient groups. Results. With early activation, the dosages of fentanyl were reduced by 2.5-3 times as compared with the 1995 data; the use of ketamine and diazepam was stopped. Instead of the latter, the currently available inhalational agents are coming into use: midazolam has been introduced and the rate of propofol use has increased. The higher activation rate required the use of flumazenil, naloxone, and proserin. The goal-oriented study of central hemodynamics with emphasis on early activation has indicated that lower dosages of fentanyl have no negative impact on cardiac pump function or myocardial oxygen balance. When the trachea was extubated on the operating table, there was appropriate central hemodynamic stabilization. It was found that the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarctions did not depend on the rate of activation. The frequency of cardiovascular complications was 38.8Β±5.9% and 22.9Β±5.0% in the prolonged artificial ventilation (AV) and early activation groups, respectively (p<0.05); that of pulmonary complications was 16.4Β±4.5% and 5.7Β±2.8%, respectively (p<0.05). Early activation halved the length of stay at an intensive care unit (p<0.05) and reduced postoperative hospitalization at surgery units by 5 days (p< 0.05). Introduction of early activation caused a decrease in the duration of postoperative AV in the patients, inactivated in the operating-room, from 16Β±1 hours (in 1995) to 7Β±1.2 hours (in 2006). Conclusion. The results of the goal-oriented studies, as well as the analysis of an array of clinical data suggest that early activation after myocardial revascularization under extracorporeal circulation is a safe and clinically effective methodological approach to anesthetic and intensive care management in cardiac surgical patients with coronary heart disease. Key words: early activation, myocardial revascularization, operations under extracorporeal circulation, tracheal extubation in the operating-room.ЦСль исслСдования . ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ сСрдца Π² условиях искусствСнного кровообращСния. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ историй Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ 673 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² возрастС 29β€”76 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² 1995, 2004 ΠΈ 2006 Π³. Π’ исслСдованиС Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с тяТСлыми ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ослоТнСниями (острый ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, хирургичСскоС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅). Раннюю Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² отсутствиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ осущСствляли Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ столС. ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ исслСдования выполняли Π² сопоставимых Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈ-Π»Π° снизились Π² 2,5β€”3 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ 1995 Π³., ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠ°. ВмСсто послСдних Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ соврСмСнныС ингаляционныС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, Π±Ρ‹Π» Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ возросла частота примСнСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ„ΠΎΠ»Π°. УскорСниС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ использования Ρ„Π»ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°, налоксона ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ·Π΅-Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π¦Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΡŽΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сниТСниС Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ влияния Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ сСрдца ΠΈ кислородный баланс ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ экстубации Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ столС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Установили, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ частота послСопСрационных ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ зависСла ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Частота сСрдСчно-сосудистых ослоТнСний Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π˜Π’Π› составила 38,8Β±5,9%, Π° Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ β€” 22,9Β±5,0% (

    Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ транспорт кислорода ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ

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    Objective: to study central hemodynamics, the determinants of myocardial oxygen balance, and the parameters of oxygen transport in various activation of patients after surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Subjects and methods. Thirty-four patients aged 57.8Β±2.5 years who had coronary heart disease were divided into 2 groups: 1) those with late activation (artificial ventilation time 157Β±9 min) and 2) those with immediate activation (artificial ventilation time 33Β±6 min). Group 2 patients were, if required, given fentanyl, midazolam, or myorelaxants. Results. During activation, there were no intergroup differences in the mean levels of the major parameters of cardiac pump function, in the determinants of coronary blood flow (coronary perfusion gradients) and myocardial oxygen demand (the product of heart rate by systolic blood pressure), and in the parameters of oxygen transport, including arterial lactatemia. After tracheal extubation, the left ventricular pump coefficient was increased considerably (up to 3.8Β±0.2 and 4.4Β±0.2 gm/mm Hg/m2 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively; p<0.05) with minimum inotropic support (dopamine and/or dobutamine being used at 2.7Β±0.3 and 2.4Β±0.3 mg/kg/min, respectively). In both groups, there were no close correlations between the indices of oxygen delivery and consumption at all stages of the study, which was indicative of no transport-dependent oxygen uptake. Conclusion. When the early activation protocol was followed up, the maximum acceleration of early activation, including that using specific antagonists of anesthetics, has no negative impact on central hemodynamics, the determinants of myocardial oxygen balance and transport in patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation. Key words: early activation, surgery under extracorporeal circulation, tracheal extubation in the operating-room, central hemodynamics, oxygen transport.ЦСль исслСдования β€” ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ кислородного баланса ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ транспорта кислорода ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ОбслСдовали 34 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ болСзнью сСрдца Π² возрастС 57,8Β±2,5 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° 2 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹: 1-я β€” с отсрочСнной Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (врСмя искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… β€” 157Β±9 ΠΌΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ 2-я β€” с Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (врСмя искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… β€” 33Β±6 ΠΌΠΈΠ½). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ нСобходимости Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ 2-ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ антагонисты Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ миорСлаксантов. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ΠΎ врСмя Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² срСднСм ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ основных ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² насосной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ сСрдца, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° (ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹) ΠΈ потрСбности ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π° Π² кислородС (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ частоты сСрдСчных сокращСний Π½Π° систоличСскоС Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ показатСлях транспорта кислорода, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡŽ. ПослС экс-Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅ΠΈ сущСствСнно (

    КсСнон ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ анСстСзиологичСского пособия для Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… послС рСваскуляризации ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°

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    Objective: to make a complex analysis of the efficacy of xenon as the major agent in maintaining anesthesia during early activation of patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation for coronary heart disease. Subjects and methods. Forty-two patients aged 59Β±3 years were examined. A total of 3Β±0.2 coronary arteries were shunted. General anesthesia was induced and maintained by propofol and fentanyl under extracorporeal circulation. Anesthesia was maintained by xenon inhalation in the preperfusion and postperfusion periods. General anesthesia was combined with high (Th3β€”Th4) epidural anesthesia in 10 cases. Results. During xenon inhalation, the central hemodynamic parameters were maximally steady-state both before and after extracorporeal circulation. The coronary perfusion conditions estimated from the coronary perfusion gradients were stable. The study of the conditions for coronary perfusion and the values of myocardial demand showed the persistence of their balance (r=0.55β€”0.83; p<0.05). With the use of epidural anesthesia as a component of maintenance, there was a two-fold increase (p<0.05) in the use of sympathomimetic agents. Lower Pa02 after initiation of xenon inhalation and, accordingly, decreased Fi02 were not associated with worse Pa02/Fi02 and increased intrapulmonary blood shunting; there were no changes in blood oxygen-transport function. Emergence from anesthesia occurred 9Β±1.2 min after the termination of xenon delivery and failed to be accelerated when epidural anesthesia was applied. The latter could reduce the inhaled concentration of xenon from 59.2Β±0.5 to 51.5Β±0.5% (p<0.05) and the dosage of fentanyl from 2.9Β±0.15 to 2.1Β±0.26 ^g/kg/hr <p<0.Β°5). The use of xenon as a basic anesthetic has prospects during early activation after myocardial revascularization under extracorporeal circulation. The advantage of xenon is the absence of negative effects on central hemodynamics and the presence of conditions for coronary perfusion in patients with coronary heart disease. This mode of maintenance provides not only an effective anesthetic protection, but also emergence from anesthesia in the range of 3 to 25 minutes after the end of operations, which allows one to make an early activation in the operating suite in more than 90% of cases. Key words: xenon, xenon anesthesia, early activation after surgery under extracorporeal circulation, anesthesia in patients with coronary heart disease.ЦСль исслСдования β€” Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ комплСксный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· эффСктивности ксСнона Π² качСствС основного Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° для поддСрТания анСстСзии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ишС-мичСской Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ сСрдца. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ОбслСдовали 42 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² возрастС 59Β±3 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π¨ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ 3Β±0,2 ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ. Π˜Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ анСстСзии ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ врСмя искусствСнного кровообращСния обСспСчивали ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ постпСрфузионный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ингаляциСй ксСнона. Π’ 10 Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡŽ сочСтали с высокой (Th3β€”Th4) ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ анСстСзиСй. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования. На Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ингаляции ксСнона ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ максимально ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ послС искусствСнного кровообращСния. Условия для ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ значСниям ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ условий для ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ показатСля потрСбности ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π° Π² кислородС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ сохранСниС баланса ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ (r=0,55β€”0,83;

    Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ транспорт кислорода ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ альвСол» Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сроки послС искусствСнного кровообращСния

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    Objective: to study central hemodynamics, the determinants of coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand, and the parameters of blood oxygen-transport function during alveolar mobilization in early periods after extracorporeal circulation in patients operated on for coronary heart disease. Subjects and methods. Twenty-nine patients were examined after myocardial revascularization. The alveolae were mobilized 63Β±2 min after extracorporeal circulation. The peak airway pressure was 31Β±0.3 H2O. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring was provided with Swan-Ganz catheters. Results. After building up the peak airway pressure, there was a 7.5β€”15 mm Hg blood pressure reduction (p<0.05) and 3.7 mm Hg right atrial and pulmonary artery wedge pressure elevations (p<0.05). Total pulmonary vascular resistance increased by 44% (p<0.05). Cardiac index reduced by 15% (p<0.05) due to decreased stroke volume. Coronary perfusion gradients and myocardial oxygen demand proportionally changed: r=0.62β€”0.77 (p<0.001). Oxygen transport significantly unchanged due to alveolar mobilization. After the latter, there was a close correlation between oxygen delivery and uptake (r=0.74; p<0.001). After alveolar mobilization, the changes in oxygen utilization coefficient and cardiac index had a significant correlation (r=0.43; p=0.02). After switching to artificial ventilation in the fitted mode, all the study parameters did not differ from the baseline values. Conclusion. The production of the peak airway pressure required for alveolar mobilization is attended by cardiac depression due to the right and left ventricular function determinant changes resulting in reductions in stroke volume and blood pressure. At the same time, there is imbalance between the conditions for coronary blood flow and the myocardial oxygen demand values. After artificial ventilation with the fitted positive end-expiratory pressure is switched, the mean hemodynamic values return to the baseline levels; however, there are signs of tense blood transport function. Key words: alveolar mobilization in cardiosurgical patients, hemodynamic effects of alveolar mobilization, recruitment maneuver.ЦСль исслСдования β€” ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ потрСбности ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π° Π² кислородС, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ кислородотранспортной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ альвСол» Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сроки послС искусствСнного кровообращСния Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ишС-мичСской Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ сСрдца. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ОбслСдовали 29 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… послС рСваскуляризации ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°. Β«ΠœΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ альвСол» выполняли Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 63Β±2 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ послС искусствСнного кровообращСния. МаксимальноС Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… путях составило 31Β±0,3 см Π²ΠΎΠ΄. ст. Π˜Π½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ гСмодинамичСский ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ обСспСчивали с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Swan-Ganz. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ПослС создания максимального давлСния Π² Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… путях зарСгистрировали сниТСниС (

    Ранняя активизация кардиохирургичСских Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…: история ΠΈ тСрминология

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    In foreign countries, the anesthesiological and resuscitative tactics that ensure the maximally rapid discontinuation of mechanical ventilation are regarded as a fundamental therapeutic component of the so-called fast-track cardiac surgery that provides a shorter length of hospital stay, an intensified therapeutic process, and lower-cost treatment. In the Russian literature, this methodic approach is customarily designated early activation, by bearing in mind that discontinuation of mechanical ventilation is a key point of postoperative recovery of the patients’ physical activity. The main Russian and foreign publications on the specific features of therapeutic tactics in early periods after cardiac surgery are historically analyzed. The paper covers the polemic between the supporters and opponents of the earliest activation of patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation, the change of views on a need for obligatory postoperative mechanical ventilation, and the impact of the rate of activation and physical activity on the quality of rehabilitation. Terminology and clinicians’ points of views on the optimum activation periods are analyzed. Key words: early activation, operations under extracorporeal circulation, tracheal extubation in an operating room, early tracheal extubation, postoperative rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients.АнСстСзиолого-Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ максимально быстроС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ основной Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ «быстрой ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€Π³ΠΈΠΈΒ» (Β«fast-track cardiac surgeryΒ»), ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ госпитализации Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса ΠΈ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ лСчСния. Π’ отСчСствСнной Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ мСтодичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ принято ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΡŽΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, имСя Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… являСтся ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ послСопСрационного восстановлСния физичСской активности Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π’ историчСском аспСктС прСдставлСн Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· основных отСчСствСнных ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚, посвящСнных особСнностям Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сроки послС ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€-гичСских ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠžΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π° научная ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ сторонниками ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ максимально Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ взглядов Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ послСопСрационной искусствСнной вСнтиляции Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ влияниС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ физичСской активности Π½Π° качСство Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…. АнализируСтся тСрминология ΠΈ взгляды клиницистов Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ сроки Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: ранняя активизация, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с искусствСнным ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, экстубация Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ранняя экстубация Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅ΠΈ, послСопСрационная рСабилитация кардиохирургичСских Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…
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