Ecological and genetic assessment of the consequences of radiation influence on contaminated areas

The objects of study are the territory of the districts of the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan adjacent to the Kapustin Yar test site: Bokeyordinsky, Zhangalinsky, Zhanibeksky, Kaztalovsky, Akzhayiksky and Syrymsky. The purpose of the work is to conduct a radioecological survey of contaminated areas and to study the content of pollutants in environmental objects, biota (rodents, fish and biosubstrates of domestic animals) by physicochemical methods to assess the risk of the landfill’s impact on biota and humans. This paper presents the results of expeditionary and laboratory research on the pollution of environmental objects in the areas adjacent to the landfill. Indicators of the gamma-survey of the levels of radiation background of the surveyed territories as wellas data on pollution of soil, surface and ground waters, dominant forms of plants, biosubstrates (hair of domestic animals: camel, horse, cow) are given. The generally accepted research methods were used: standard sampling me thods, radiological, atomic adsorption spectrophotometry, cytogenetic (micronucleus) method. A reconnaissance and radioecological examination of environmental objects was carried out using analytical methods, which made it possible to determine the quantitative content of toxic components, the content of priority pollutants and radioactive isotopes. It has been established that the values of the volumetric activity of natural and man-made radionuclides in soil samples, drinking water and biosubstrates (pet hair, human peripheral blood samples) from settlements correspond to the value of the control level for this region. The measurements of radiation activity by gamma radiation showed that along the perimeter of the surveyed territory of the test site and in nearby settlements the radiation level is in the range of 0.06–0.014 μSv/h. A slight excess of the level of radioactivity persists in the area near the fall of missiles in the Bokeyordin region. The investigated regions are characterized by an insignificant level of background radiation, the average DER value for the regions as a whole is 0.14 μSv/h. The absolute maximum, 0.73 μSv/h, was recorded at the points of missile impact in the Kaztal region

A relationship between causative agents of infectious diarrhea and fatal outcomes in pre-school children

Infectious diarrhea is one of the leading causes of fatal outcomes in young children. Differential diagnostics of such infections within the first hours of illness poses significant objective obstacles. Data from laboratory studies of autopsy material and pathological studies provide valuable information for understanding the spectrum of differential diagnostics and etiological structure of infectious diarrhea with fatal outcomes in young children. Materials and methods. There were analyzed 100 cases of fatal outcomes in children under the age of six years registered in Russia from November 2011 to December 2019, who was diagnosed with infectious diarrhea at different levels of the healthcare system. The data were assessed based on available medical case reports and the laboratory testing of autopsy samples performed by using nucleic acid amplification methods. Results. The diagnosis of infectious diarrhea was revised in 24 patients, based on the data of a set of intravital and post-mortem studies. In patients with unconfirmed diagnosis of acute intestinal infections, pneumonia was the most often detected — in 45.8% (11/24), sepsis — in 29.2% (7/24), meningitis/meningoencephalitis, acute surgical pathology and asphyxiation associated with vomit aspiration — in 16.7 % (4/24) cases. The causative agents of infectious diarrhea were identified in 71 of 76 patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute intestinal infections. Most prevalent were group A rotaviruses — 52.6% (40/76), group F adenoviruses — 17.1% (13/76), and noroviruses — 13.2% (10/76). Combination of pathogens was detected in 29 cases (38.2%). Prehospital lethal outcomes in patients with infectious diarrhea were observed in 17 cases (22.4%). In total, rate of neonatal deaths due to acute intestinal infections accounted for 62.2% and 2-year-old toddlers — 20.3%. 64 of 76 (84%) children had no unfavorable premorbid background. The most common pathologies associated with infectious diarrhea with developing fatal outcomes were pneumonia (including aspiration pneumonia) in 22.4% (17/76) and aspiration asphyxia in 6.6% (5/76). Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with diarrhea was diagnosed in 7.9% (6/76) of children. Conclusions. Within the first years of life children comprise a risk group for developing fatal outcomes during infectious diarrhea. Lack of unfavorable premorbid background should not be considered as a reliable positive prognostic criterion. Diagnostics of pneumonia should be included in the mandatory examination plan for children with severe infectious diar rhea. Based on study of clinical and autopsy material, group A rotaviruses were the lead causative agents among those resulting in infectious diarrhea with fatal outcomes in young children. Special attention should be paid to preventing vomit aspiration within the first days after disease onset

Brief space and time characteristics of epizootic plague situation in Kazakhstan in 2011

The natural plague foci of Kazakhstan occupy a huge territory. The mapping of these foci is a very important part of the plague monitoring and has a scientific and practical meaning. The old paper mapped data have been obsolete and. all previous and. current data have been digitized now. The digitizing of the data was carried by ArcGIS program. The epidemiological and epizootological analysis of the data of 2012 showed that the Kazakh plague natural foci were active in that time. And the analysis showed that by the complex factors a more active and epidemic hazardous area was Qyzylorda Region

INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF FERMENTATION OF CAMEL MILK VARIOUS TYPES OF LACTOBACILLI AND BIFIDUS BACTERIAS

Formation of probiotic properties of dairy products depends largely on the composition of the macrobiotic of ferment, so studies are necessary for the selection of specific strains of bacteria producing a complex of biologically active substances and enzymes. The first phase of research is to study the morphological, physiological and biochemical production and properties of different strains of lactic acid bacteria exhibited in fat-containing dairy environment. Main basic raw material for the production of fermented milk product is developed camel milk with different fat-contents. High nutritional and biological value of camel milk, as well as the best of their digestibility compared with other types of milk will create a product that meets the physiological needs of the body\u27s essential nutrients and energy. In the manufacture of probiotic dairy products functionality greatest attention must be paid to bifidus bacterias and lactobacilli as main representatives of the normal intestinal microflora, providing high colonization resistance of the intestinal tract and increases the activity of the organism`s immunomodulatory

DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF THE NANOPARTICLES ON THE GROWTH AND GENERATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

Nanotechnology "nano" (from the Greek. Seq. "Dwarf") is used in the terminology to describe longitudinal units equal to one billionth of from 1m (1nm = 10-9m). Nanotechnology, nanoscience, the science and technology of colloidal systems, colloid chemistry, colloid physics, molecular biology, all microelectronics, the fundamental differences between colloidal systems, which include: clouds, human blood, DNA and proteins, transistors, which they are going to microprocessors, is that the surface of these particles or molecules in the vast millions of times greater than the volume of the particles, such particles occupy an intermediate position between the true homogeneous solutions, alloys, and ordinary objects macrocosm. The behavior of such systems is very different from the behavior of true solutions and melts and macrocosm of the objects through the high surface usually such effects begin to play a significant role when the particle size is in the range of 1-200 nanometers, hence it word substitution colloidal physics, chemistry, biology on nanoscience and nanotechnology, meaning the size of the objects in question