Learning From History: Deinstitutionalization of People with Mental Illness as Precursor to Long-Term Care Reform

Considers the deinstitutionalization of state mental hospital patients over the past fifty years, and uses this as a model for evaluating reform efforts of custodial and long-term care services for the elderly

Promise for the Future: How Federal Programs Can Improve Career Outcomes for Youth & Young Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions

This report focuses on a critical area of mental health policy – how to assist youth and young adults with serious mental health conditions with improved prospects for successful independent living and economic security through education, job training and community services and supports. It identifies and discusses the array of federal programs that can be deployed to help these individuals through the transition into adulthood; includes recommendations on how state and local policymakers can make the best use of these programs; and suggests changes that should be made to make them more accessible and more effective

Policy Making for Global Transportation Planning using the Delphi-Scenario Writing with a New Concept of 'Future Vision'

The personal trip survey plays a vital role in global, multi-modal transportation planning. The four-step method for estimating travel demand based on data from the personal trip survey has been systematized during the course of long-term studies and practical applications. This method therefore has been widely used in various aspects of transportation planning. However, it is usually concerned with travel demand and very useful in periods of economic expansion. Now that emphasis is being placed on quality because the economy has taken a downturn, the conventional method should be reconsidered in terms of a qualitative, political approach. The present study deals with a new methodology for establishing a qualitative, long-term view of regional requirements. In other words, the purpose of this study is to create a socio-economic vision of the future for proper transportation planning for a target region. This study calls it 'future vision', which consists of several future images when considering the changing characteristics of the region and relationship with surrounding areas. These future images can cover all transportation-related topics, from global problems to local issues. Each future image is composed of scenarios that reflect the future direction and role of transportation planning, which fully describes infrastructures as well as management. Transportation planning experts employed brainstorming to create an initial version of the future vision. The brainstorming brought many important keywords related to the future images. The planners assembled keywords and added sentences to set up scenarios. This version was revised by using the Delphi questionnaire method in order to eliminate obvious errors and improper perspectives, while incorporating missing information. The Delphi method was conducted on researchers, engineers, planners, and administrators that are well versed in transportation planning. A procedure was also developed to update almost automatically according to the results of the questionnaire. The revised version of the future vision was again checked and revised similarly by the Delphi method and the updating procedure. Actually, the future vision was refined twice, which led to the final version of the future vision having a high degree of accuracy and feasibility. The future vision is qualitative and policy-oriented, while the conventional four-step method is quantitative and demand-oriented. Two different approaches should work together for the comprehensive transportation planning. This study finally introduced a hybrid method between the two approaches by discussing a way of linking the future vision with the conventional personal trip survey system. The proposed linkage produced (1) hearing recommendations of various people in many positions, (2) enhancement of the transportation planning by sharing and solving anticipated problems, and (3) incorporation of more policy-oriented planning elements.

La codification et l’actualisation du Code civil japonais : l’apport de la Commission législative

Le Code civil japonais est entré en vigueur en 1898. Trois professeurs japonais à l’Université de Tokyo ont alors été chargés de rédiger le Code civil sur la base d’un projet élaboré par un professeur agrégé français, G.E. Boissonade. Composé de cinq livres (Ier : « Partie générale », II : « Droit des biens », III : « Rapports d’obligation », IV : « Droit de la famille » et V : « Droit des successions » ), ce code proclame l’égalité de la capacité de jouissance, le caractère absolu de la propriété, l’autonomie de la volonté et la responsabilité civile fondée sur la faute. Les livres IV et V avaient été marqués par l’inégalité entre l’homme et la femme, mais ils ont été entièrement modifiés en 1947 en vue de la conformité avec le principe de non-discrimination de la nouvelle Constitution de 1946. Une commission permanente a été créée en 1949 en vue de la modernisation des codes : la Commission législative du ministère de la Justice. Néanmoins, il y a eu récemment des cas où des réformes proposées par cette commission ont été bloquées (le droit de la famille) ou encore où des modifications au Code civil ont été décidées sans participation de cette commission (baux immobiliers). En outre, la modernisation des termes des livres I, II et III du Code civil sans modification au fond du droit a été réalisée à la fin de 2004, indépendamment de l’avis de la Commission législative.The Japanese Civil Code came into effect in 1898. Three Japanese professors at the University of Tokyo were charged to write the Civil Code on the basis of the draft prepared by a French professor, G.E. Boissonade. Composed of five books (I « General Part », II « Property Rights », III « Law of Obligations », IV « Family Law » and V « Law of Succession »), the Japanese Civil Code proclaims the equality of the enjoyment of civil rights, the absolute character of the property right, the autonomy of the will and the civil liability based on negligence. The family law had been characterized by the inequality between men and women, but was entirely amended in 1947 for the conformity to the principle of non-discrimination of the new Constitution of 1946. There is a standing commission for the modernization of the codes, « Legislative Commission of the Ministry of justice ». Nevertheless, there were recently cases in which reforms suggested by this Commission were blocked (family law) and in which modifications of the Civil Code were decided without the participation of the legislative Commission (real property lease). Moreover, the modernization of terms in books I, II and III of the Civil Code without amendment in substance was carried out at the end of 2004 independently of the legislative Commission

シュワン細胞に着目したタキサン系抗がん薬誘発末梢神経障害の機序解明およびドラッグ・リポジショニングによる新規治療薬の探索

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(薬学)甲第23147号薬博第847号新制||薬||242(附属図書館)京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬学専攻(主査)教授 中山 和久, 教授 土居 雅夫, 准教授 中川 貴之学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversityDFA

Prevalence and factors associated with the use of alternative (folk) medicine practitioners in 8 countries of the former Soviet Union.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that since the collapse of the Soviet Union there has been a sharp growth in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in some former Soviet countries. However, as yet, comparatively little is known about the use of CAM in the countries throughout this region. Against this background, the aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of using alternative (folk) medicine practitioners in eight countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU) and to examine factors associated with their use. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Living Conditions, Lifestyles and Health (LLH) survey undertaken in eight former Soviet countries (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine) in 2001. In this nationally representative cross-sectional survey, 18428 respondents were asked about how they treated 10 symptoms, with options including the use of alternative (folk) medicine practitioners. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the treatment of differing symptoms by such practitioners in these countries. RESULTS: The prevalence of using an alternative (folk) medicine practitioner for symptom treatment varied widely between countries, ranging from 3.5% in Armenia to 25.0% in Kyrgyzstan. For nearly every symptom, respondents living in rural locations were more likely to use an alternative (folk) medicine practitioner than urban residents. Greater wealth was also associated with using these practitioners, while distrust of doctors played a role in the treatment of some symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The widespread use of alternative (folk) medicine practitioners in some fSU countries and the growth of this form of health care provision in the post-Soviet period in conditions of variable licensing and regulation, highlights the urgent need for more research on this phenomenon and its potential effects on population health in the countries in this region