Wooden Kremlins and Fortresses of the XVI-XVIII Centuries in the Kama Region

The article summarizes the results of a comprehensive historical study of the kremlins and fortresses of the Upper Kama region of the XVI–XVIII centuries. The main stages of the development of wooden defensive architecture in the region are traced. Stroganov fortresses and kremlins of Cherdyn, Solikamsk, Kungur, Osa and Yegoshikha settlement are described. It is noted that the change in the size of the sazhen (Russian unit of measurement) in the XVII century practically did not affect the standard of logging. The module of wooden construction is defined, which allows to reconstruct towers of different types with great accuracy, even by a brief description

Sharing Spectrum UE LTE and Air-Traffic Control Radars in 800 MHz Band, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2017, nr 2

The need to ensure LTE network coverage in sparsely populated and rural areas of Europe (ITU Region 1) has led to a massive use of 800 MHz band (band 20) with its good characteristics of radio wave propagation in LTE networks. However, the frequency band of 800 MHz called “digital dividend” in Region 1 is used on a primary basis not only by the terrestrial mobile service but also by air-traffic control radars (ATCR) that can lead to the creation of harmful interferences at the receivers’ input of ATCR. Such scenarios of mutual interferences became possible after granting licenses for LTE-800 frequencies to operators in such countries as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia and other CIS countries, so this problem should be solved by operators at the deployment of LTE-800 networks in airports and areas close to them. So far, for such scenarios the ITU and CEPT have not formulated criteria for interference protection. The proposed protection criteria for receivers of ATCR from user devices’ interferences of LTE-800 networks were tested by experimental studies and can provide a solution to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem in a complex electromagnetic environment of modern airports and cross-order coordination of 800 MHz frequency bands in Region 1

Design Improvement of Cutting Part in Tunneling Shield

The article presents a variant for improving the design of a working body of a tunneling shield, its cutting part to be more precise. The working body of the tunneling shield has been improved with the changes in the design of a rotor working surface. The theoretical studies aimed at determining the strength characteristics of the proposed rotor design have been carried out. The proposed rotor model has been visualized with the use of the T-Flex CAD software. On the basis of the results obtained in the course of the theoretical research, a comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of the main and improved model of the cutting working body of the tunneling shield have been made. The studies carried out at T-Flex CAD confirmed the working capacity of the improved design of the tunneling shield working body. The strength of the rotor has been determined as a result of the studies carried out. The maximum values of the displacement module is 2.875E-05 m, the equivalent stresses are 29.47 MPa, a reserve coefficient on equivalent stresses is 9.446E 06

The complete mitochondrial genome of the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Squamata: Lacertidae) contains long tandem repeat formed by 59 bp monomer

The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Lacertidae family) is determined by hybrid assembly with Illumina HiSeq and PacBio RS II platforms. The circular 21.4 kbp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 12S and 16S rRNA genes, 20 tRNAs, two pseudogenized tRNAs, and one long tandem repeats with 4.1 kbp length formed by 59 bp monomer repeated x70.6 times located before control region. This finding represents a new example of mitogenome variation in lizards of hybrid origin, providing fundamental data for following study of a unique hybridization system formed by parthenogenetic and bisexual species in the mountain steppe of central Armenia

Long-Lived Mantle Plume and Polyphase Evolution of Palaeoproterozoic PGE Intrusions in the Fennoscandian Shield

The NE Fennoscandian Shield comprises the Northern Belt in Finland and the Southern Belt in Karelia. They host mafic-ultramafic layered Cu-Ni-Cr and Pt-Pd-bearing intrusions. Precise U-Pb and Sm-Nd analyses indicate the 130-Ma evolution of these intrusions, with major events at 2.53, 2.50, 2.45, and 2.40 Ga. Barren phases were dated at 2.53 Ga for orthopyroxenites and olivine gabbro in the Fedorovo-Pansky massif. PGE-bearing phases of gabbronorites (Pechenga, Fedorovo-Pansky, Monchetundra massifs) and norites (Monchepluton) are 2.50 Ga old. Anorthosites of Mt. Generalskaya (Pechenga), the Fedorovo-Pansky, and Monchetundra massifs occurred at 2.45 Ga. This event produced layered PGE-bearing intrusions in Finland (Penikat, Kemi, Koitelainen) and mafic intrusions in Karelia. The Imandra lopolith dikes occurred at the final phase (2.40 Ga). Slightly negative εNd and ISr values (0.703–0.704) suggest that intrusions originated from an enriched mantle reservoir. Low 3He/4He ratios in accessory minerals (ilmenite and magnetite) indicate an upper mantle source. Large-scale correlations link the Fennoscandian Shield with the Superior and Wyoming cratons

Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Binary Composites

Исследовано поведение бинарных композитов (БК), включающих поливиниловый спирт (ПВС) марки 1799, с различным содержанием микроцеллюлозы (МЦ) в воде и биохимических средах: почве, компосте, водно-иловой смеси. Результаты эксперимента подчеркивают сложный характер биодеградации исследуемых БК в естественных условиях. Введение МЦ порядка 60 об. % в полимерную матрицу ПВС сопровождается образованием пористой структуры, способствующей проникновению воды и компонентов биохимических сред в объем материала, при этом равномерное распределение волокон МЦ создает эффект армирующего наполнителя и позволяет сохранять прочность даже при длительном вымачивании БК. Достижение «нулевой» прочности (т. е. такое состояние образца, которое не позволяет провести испытание, так как материал разрушается в руках) при экспозиции в воде наблюдается через 2 сут, 14 сут, 2 мес. для БК с содержанием МЦ 0, 80–60, 40–10 об. % соответственно. Через 6 месяцев инкубации в почвенной среде индекс деструкции БК составил 0.89, 0.87, 0.95, 0.96 при степени наполнения 10, 20, 40, 80 об. % соответственно, при этом наблюдалось отсутствие фрагментации образцов. Предложен метод компьютерной цветометрии в динамике процесса биодеградации наполненных полисахаридами термопластов для оценки степени проникновения компонентов биохимческих сред в объем материалаThe behavior of binary composites (BC) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA‑1799) and various amounts of microcellulose (MC) in water and biochemical media (soil, compost, water-silt mixture) is studied. The results of the experiment emphasize the complex nature of the biodegradation of the studied composites under natural conditions. Introduction of microcellulose into the polymer matrix of PVA about 60 vol.% is accompanied by the formation of a porous structure that promotes the penetration of water and components of biochemical media into the volume of the material. At the same time, the uniform distribution of the MC fibers creates the effect of a reinforcing filler and allows you to maintain strength even with prolonged soaking of the BC. The achievement of «zero» strength at exposure in water is observed after 2 days, 14 days, 2 months. for BC with a content of MC 0, 80–60, 40–10 vol.%, respectively. After 6 months of incubation in the soil environment, the index of destruction of composites was 0.89, 0.87, 0.95, 0.96 with a degree of filling with microcellulose of 10, 20,40, 80 vol.%, respectively, while there was a lack of fragmentation of the samples. A method of computer colorometry in the dynamics of biodegradation of polysaccharide-filled thermoplastics is proposed to assess the degree of penetration of components of biochemical media into the volume of the materia