Klinische Untersuchungenüber Brenztraubensäurestoffwechsel bei den Leberkrankheiten. I. Mitteilung: Der Brenztraubensäureblutspiegel bei den Leberkrankhiten und seine Dynamik

Bei 365 Leberpatienten wurde die BTS im Blut bestimmt und bei einem Teil der Fälle wurde die Leberkatheterisation durchgefiihrt. Das fiihrte zu folgenden Ergebnissen : 1) Der BTS-Blutspiegel war ungefähr in 50 Prozent der Fälle erh&#38;#öht, und zwar fallend in der Reihenfolge bei Leberzirrhose, akuter Hepatitis und chronischer Hepatitis. Bei der akuten Hepatitis war er in der Rekonvaleszenz erhöhter als im akuten Stadium und auch bei chronischer Hepatitis war er bei längerem Krankheitsverlauf höher als bei krzem. 2) Eine Parallelitat zwischen dem BTS-Blutspiegel und der Müdigkeit bestand, besonders war er bei den Fällen, die durch routine Leberfunktionsproben normal beurteilt wurden und in denen über Müdigkeit geklagt wurde, erhöht. 3) Eine Korrelation zwischen dem BTS-Blutspiegel und den routine Leberfunktionsproben bestand nicht, doch bei den Fällen mit normalen routine Leberfunktionsproben fiel der BTS-Blutspiegel in 46.5 Prozent der Fälle positiv aus. Es wäre denkbar, dass der BTS-Blutspiegel eine von den routine Leberfunktionsproben nicht ergriffene Seite ausdrticken könnte. 4) Es gab keine Korrelation zwischen dem BTS,Blutspiegel und dem histologischen Befund der Leber. Doch durch Laparoskopie war der erhöhte BTS-Blutspiegel insbesondere bei dem &#8545;. und IV. Typus der grossen weissen Leber festgestellt worden. 5) Weil L·BTS in Fällen erhöhter V-BTS (d. h. BTS im Blut) höher war als V-BTS bzw. A-BTS, ausserdem die engste Beziehung von L-BTS/ABTS- Quotienten zum V-BTS-Spiegel (d. h. der BTS-Blutspigel) bestand, wurde bestätigt, dass die erhöhte BTS im Blut bei Leberkrankheiten aus Leber stammt. Der BTS-Blutspiegel spiegelt nämlich den BTS-Stoffwechsel in der Leber wider. 6) Der BTS-Stoffwechsel in der Leber stand in engster Beziehung zu der Leberhamodynamik, d. h. zum visceralem Sauerstoffverbrauch, zum geschatzten Leberdurchblutung und zum Lebervenenverschlussdruck.</p

Klinische Untersuchungen &#220;ber Brenztraubens&#228;urestoffwechsel bei den Leberkrankheiten &#8545;. Mitteilung: Einfl&#252;sse der verschiedenen Medikamente auf den Brenztraubens&#228;ureblutspiegel bei den Leberkrankheiten

Sowohl aus dem Grunde, den Mechanismus des gest&#246;rten BTS-Stoffwechsels bei den Leberkrankheiten zu erkennen, als auch Beobachtungen f&#252;r seine Behandlungen zu machen, wurden die Ein£liisse von Zucker, Thiamin und seinen Derivaten (BTMP, TTFD), Thiocts&#228;ure, der Verbindung zwischen dem Derivat von Thiamin und Thioctsaure (TATD), Kalium- und Magnesium-Asparaginat und Glucocorticoiden auf den BTS-Blutspiegel untersucht. Das f&#252;hrte zu folgenden Ergebnissen : 1) Der Anstieg des BTS-Blutspiegcls nach Belastung von Glukose bzw. Sorbit wurde beide Male beobachtet, aber er war nach Sorbit geringer als nach Glukose. Das bedeutet, dass Sorbit die BTS-Oxydation f&#246;rdert. 2) W&#228;hrend der Anstieg des BTS-Blutspiegels mit Thiamin hydrochlorid nicht gehemmt wurde, wurde er mit Thiocts&#228;ure in vielen F&#228;llen gehemmt, insbesondere in Rekonvaleszenz der akuten Hepatitis. 3) Nach der Verabreichung Von BTMP, TTFD und TATD war der BTS-Blutspiegel herabgesetzt, aber ihre Einwirkung war bei den F&#228;llen mit gest&#246;rter Leberh&#228;modynamik nicht gut. 4) Ebenso hat Kalium- und Magnesium-Asparaginat ungeF&#228;hr im Drittel der F&#228;lle den BTS-Blutspiegel erniedrigt. Aber seine Einwirkung in F&#228;llen mit gest&#246;rter Leberh&#228;modynamik war ung&#252;nstig. 5) Der BTS-Blutspiegel wurde durch Glucocorticoide erh&#246;ht.</p

Study of parasitic oscillation of a multi-chip SiC MOSFET circuit based on a signal flow graph model by TCAD simulation

This study presents a novel method to evaluate oscillation condition by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation and is based on a signal flow graph model and a scattering parameter (S-parameter) computed using the TCAD simulation result. The parasitic oscillation of Silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) when a short circuit occurs has been investigated with the proposed method. The oscillation conditions of a circuit were computed with this technique and compared with those computed by TCAD transient simulation. The gate resistance to suppress oscillation is similar between these methods. Moreover, the method was also applied to estimate the stability of a circuit consisting of parallelly connected SiC MOSFETs. Two oscillation modes were taken into account. We demonstrated that the circuit parameters required to suppress parasitic oscillation can be computed using a simple calculation

Parasitic oscillation analysis of trench IGBT during short-circuit type II using TCAD-based signal flow graph model

The oscillation phenomenon of trench-type insulated gate bipolar transistors during short-circuit (SC) type II was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The gate resistance required to suppress oscillations decreased with an increasing collector voltage. The oscillation conditions were calculated from the signal flow graph model using the S -parameter based on a technology computer-aided design simulation. The calculation results reproduced the locus of the collector voltage dependence of the experimentally measured gate resistance. The oscillation mechanism was investigated using the device simulation. The response of carrier density modulation at the base-drift layer boundary was found to transmit to the collector side through the electron–hole plasma region during the oscillation, indicating that the transfer characteristics of the carrier density modulation in the drift region at the specific collector voltage influence the collector voltage dependence of the SC oscillation. The influence of circuit parameters on the oscillation was also investigated. An increase in the emitter inductance suppressed the oscillations, whereas an increase in gate inductance increases oscillations

Waist circumference and insulin resistance: a cross-sectional study of Japanese men

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Visceral obesity is positively related to insulin resistance. The nature of the relationship between waist circumference and insulin resistance has not been known in Japanese populations. This study examined the relationship between waist circumference and insulin resistance and evaluated the optimal cutoff point for waist circumference in relation to insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese men.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Study subjects included 4800 Japanese men aged 39 to 60 years. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The relationship of waist circumference with HOMA-IR was assessed by use of adjusted means of HOMA-IR and odds ratios of elevated HOMA-IR defined as the highest quintile (≥2.00). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis using Youden index and the area under curve (AUC) was employed to determine optimal cutoffs of waist circumference in relation to HOMA-IR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Adjusted geometric means of HOMA-IR and prevalence odds of elevated HOMA-IR were progressively higher with increasing levels of waist circumference. In the ROC curve analysis, the highest value of Youden index was obtained for a cutoff point of 85 cm in waist circumference across different values of HOMA-IR. Multiple logistic regression analysis also indicated that the AUC was consistently the largest for a waist circumference of 85 cm.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Waist circumference is linearly related to insulin resistance, and 85 cm in waist circumference is an optimal cutoff in predicting insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese men.</p

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of age-related distance esotropia in Japanese patients with high myopia

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the extraocular muscles and the orbital connective tissue pulleys in Japanese patients with age-related distance esotropia (ARDE) and high myopia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This was a retrospective case-series study. High-resolution coronal MRI scans of 12 orbits were obtained in 6 patients with ARDE and high myopia (age range: 51–69 years). We analyzed the images to determine the positions of the rectus muscle pulleys relative to the center of the globe, the integrity of the lateral rectus-superior rectus muscle (LR-SR) band, and the LR angle (the angle between the major axis of the LR and the vertical plane). Results The distance esotropia ranged from 4 to 25∆, and 3 cases exhibited vertical deviations. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) axial length was 28.5 (± 1.6) mm. The mean positions of the medial rectus muscle pulley and LR pulley were 1.3 mm inferior and 1.4 mm inferior, respectively, to those seen in the normal control group in our previous study (P = 0.002 and P = 0.05, respectively). All 12 orbits had abnormal elongated LR-SR bands, and 8 orbits (67%) displayed ruptured LR-SR bands. The LR angle (mean±SD; 18.8° ± 8.5°) increased significantly with the inferior displacement of the LR pulley (R2 = 0.77, P = 0.0002). Conclusions Inferior displacement of the LR pulley and abnormal LR-SR bands were seen in Japanese ARDE patients with high myopia, as was found in ARDE patients without high myopia. The LR angle might be useful for judging the degree of LR pulley displacement

Interleukin 17A plays a role in lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine–induced fulminant hepatic injury in mice

AbstractBackgroundLipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine (LPS/GalN)–induced hepatic injury is an experimental model of fulminant hepatic failure in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role. Moreover, it was reported from our laboratory that interleukin (IL) 17A enhanced production of TNF-α by the Kupffer cell.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of IL-17A in LPS/GalN-induced hepatic injury in mice.MethodsLPS/GalN was injected into three mouse models: wild-type (WT) mice, IL-17A knockout (KO) mice, or IL-17A KO mice treated with recombinant mouse (rm) IL-17A homodimer (KO + rmIL-17A). Survival was assessed for 24 h after LPS/GalN injection, and histopathologic findings were evaluated at various time points after LPS/GalN injection for neutrophil and apoptosis markers. After LPS/GalN injection, expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, IL-17A, high-mobility group box 1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was assessed in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSurvival was higher in KO mice compared with WT mice after LPS/GalN injection. However, in KO + rmIL-17A mice, mortality was not significantly different compared to the other groups. Neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis were significantly greater in WT mice than KO mice. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, IL-17A, high-mobility group box 1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 levels were also significantly greater in WT mice than KO mice. In KO + rmIL-17A mice, these levels were similar to those in WT mice.ConclusionsIL-17A is a key regulator in hepatic injury caused by neutrophil-induced inflammatory responses after LPS/GalN injection