Analysis of Career Education in a University with Low Selectivity

本稿は，選抜性の低い大学におけるキャリア教育授業の分析の試みである。授業内容は，不安定化する労働環境を踏まえたものとした。日頃の授業では，学生の個人ワークや学生と教師の質疑応答を重視し，定期的にミニレポートを課すことで学習習慣形成を促すとともに，知識定着を目指した。受講学生を対象とする調査によると，ほとんどの学生が授業に対して肯定的評価をしていた。学生の学力やキャリアレディネスと学習成果の関連を調べたところ，高校の学力が一定程度学習成果に影響を与えること，キャリアレディネスによって学びが異なることが示唆された。The current study attempted to measure learning outcomes of a career education course at a university with low selectivity. The central goal of the course was to understand unstable labor market conditions today. Students were given some time to research a topic by themselves, and then discussed it with the teacher in each class. Short essays were regularly assigned to develop a study habit and reinforce knowledge acquisition. Most students who took this course highly evaluated the experience according to our survey. The survey also shows that learning outcomes are associated with grade at high school and differ according to different level of current carrier readiness

New Types of Specialists in Higher Education : From the Viewpoint of Policy, Market and Occupational Ability

高等教育改革において新しい役割を担う「専門職」の必要が生じている。本論ではそのうち，ファカルティ・ディベロッパー（FDer），キャリア支援担当者，インスティテューショナル・リサーチ（IR）担当者，リサーチ・アドミニストレーション（URA）担当者，産官学連携コーディネート担当者を取り上げる。これらの「専門職」は養成の制度化がいまだに不十分であって，他の隣接分野からの移動という事例も見られる。また，雇用のための予算が改革を推進するための時限付きの補助金であることが多いため，雇用期限が定められていたり，職位・給与が低位であったりするという特徴がある。The current higher education reforms in Japan have created a demand for new types of specialists who have had important roles in most universities since around 2000. This article focuses on Faculty Developers, Career Consultants, Institutional Researchers, University Research Administrators and Technology Licensing Managers among such new types of university-related jobs. Due to the lack of formal education systems to become one of these professionals, most of the candidates do not have enough knowledge and skills, and tend to come from related academic or business areas. When they are hired by universities, funds for their employment often come from government money budgeted for a time-limited and specific educational reform project. As a result, they tend to be hired for only a limited period of time, and/or their position and wage levels are usually lower than more traditional professions in universities

Frontline Nursing Staff’s Perceptions of Intravenous Medication Administration: The First Step Toward Safer Infusion Processes-a Qualitative Study

OBJECTIVES: Intravenous medication errors continue to significantly impact patient safety and outcomes. This study sought to clarify the complexity and risks of the intravenous administration process. DESIGN: A qualitative focus group interview study. SETTING: Focused interviews were conducted using process mapping with frontline nurses responsible for medication administration in September 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Front line experiened nurses from a Japanese tertiary teaching hospital. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was to identify the mental models frontline nurses used during intravenous medication administration, which influence their interactions with patients, and secondarily, to examine the medication process gaps between the mental models nurses perceive and the actual defined medication administration process. RESULTS: We found gaps between the perceived clinical administration process and the real process challenges with an emphasis on the importance of verifying to see if the drug was ordered for the patient immediately before its administration. CONCLUSIONS: This novel and applied improvement approach can help nurses and managers better understand the process vulnerability of the infusion process and develop a deeper understanding of the administration steps useful for reliably improving the safety of intravenous medications

Professor of Practice in Japan: Policies and Traditions

大学教員のキャリアやアイデンティティに関する研究は教育社会学の分野で続けられてきた。本論で焦点を絞る「実務家教員」政策の嚆矢は専門職大学院の創設であった。専門職大学院では実務への貢献に関する教育が重視されることから、一定割合の「実務家教員」の配置が義務付けられた。そして、「高等教育の負担軽減の具体的方策」政策において学生に対する給付奨学金制度の導入と組み合わせて、実務の経験を有する教員についてシラバスなどで明示することが求められるようになった。他方、それらの政策とはまったく関係なく、実務の経験を持つ教員は以前から存在していた。文部科学省（旧文部省）「学校教員統計調査」によれば学問分野ごとに相違はあるものの、前職が民間企業などの従業員であった大学教員は少なからずいることが確認できる。本研究はJSPS科研費20K02934の助成を受けたものです

Efficacy of Mucosal Cutting Biopsy for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Gastric Submucosal Tumors

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors occur frequently. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is performed commonly for diagnosis. However, the success rate of histological diagnosis is insufficient when the submucosal tumor (SMT) is small. Recently, another technique, mucosal cutting biopsy (MCB) has been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MCB. Method: Between January 2012 and August 2018, MCB and EUS-FNA were performed 16 and 31 times for diagnosing gastric SMT. The diagnostic rate, the rate of successful immunohistochemistry, and the safety were reviewed. Difficult locations for EUS-FNA were also evaluated. Results: The mean SMT sizes measured on MCB and EUS-FNA were 21.2 and 36.2 mm. The diagnostic rates of MCB and EUS-FNA were almost the same (88 vs. 81%), but successful immunohistochemistry was significantly higher in the MCB group (93 vs. 59%, p = 0.03). In the subgroup of SMTs < 20 mm, the successful histological diagnosis rate from EUS-FNA was relatively low. There were no complications. Failures of EUS-FNA were more frequent in the middle third of the stomach. Conclusions: MCB was an effective procedure for diagnosing gastric SMT, especially in the case of small SMTs located at the middle third of the stomach

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector