241 research outputs found
Institutional Technology and the Chains of Trust: Capital Markets and Privatization in Russia and the Czech Republic
The introduction of mass privatization policies in Russia and the Czech Republic depended on the creation of impersonal capital markets to finance the needs of privatized companies and to provide a secondary market for the trading of securities. Yet, mass privatization created the contradictory conditions of generating millions of poorly informed shareholders, with no efficient markets for the sale of the shares. The absence of financial markets created systematic pressures to move assets by illegal or non-transparent means to users who value them. Privatization created the incentives to destroy the financial markets critical to its success. A comparative case analysis of post-privatization market formation in both these countries demonstrates that the functional necessity for these markets does not engender their own creation. In the absence of institutional mechanisms of state regulation and trust, markets become arenas for political contests and economic manipulation. The irony of these policies is that a principal lesson has been that market reforms cannot create viable markets, only institutional formation can.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39719/3/wp335.pd
Institutional Technology and the Chains of Trust: Capital Markets and Privatization in Russia and the Czech Republic
The introduction of mass privatization policies in Russia and the Czech Republic depended on the creation of impersonal capital markets to finance the needs of privatized companies and to provide a secondary market for the trading of securities. Yet, mass privatization created the contradictory conditions of generating millions of poorly informed shareholders, with no efficient markets for the sale of the shares. The absence of financial markets created systematic pressures to move assets by illegal or non-transparent means to users who value them. Privatization created the incentives to destroy the financial markets critical to its success. A comparative case analysis of post-privatization market formation in both these countries demonstrates that the functional necessity for these markets does not engender their own creation. In the absence of institutional mechanisms of state regulation and trust, markets become arenas for political contests and economic manipulation. The irony of these policies is that a principal lesson has been that market reforms cannot create viable markets, only institutional formation can.
Evons: A Dataset for Fake and Real News Virality Analysis and Prediction
We present a novel collection of news articles originating from fake and real
news media sources for the analysis and prediction of news virality. Unlike
existing fake news datasets which either contain claims or news article
headline and body, in this collection each article is supported with a Facebook
engagement count which we consider as an indicator of the article virality. In
addition we also provide the article description and thumbnail image with which
the article was shared on Facebook. These images were automatically annotated
with object tags and color attributes. Using cloud based vision analysis tools,
thumbnail images were also analyzed for faces and detected faces were annotated
with facial attributes. We empirically investigate the use of this collection
on an example task of article virality prediction
Entreprise et travail en Europe occidentale et aux Ătats-Unis aux XIXe et XXe siĂšcles
Patrick Fridenson, directeur dâĂ©tudes Lâentreprise Ă la lumiĂšre de lâhistoire et des autres sciences sociales (suite et fin) Cette troisiĂšme annĂ©e de sĂ©minaire a eu deux dimensions complĂ©mentaires. La premiĂšre a Ă©tĂ© de dresser une typologie Ă©volutive des diffĂ©rents types dâespaces Ă©conomiques dans lesquelles une entreprise depuis le dĂ©but du XIXe siĂšcle peut sâinsĂ©rer et qui sont conjointement caractĂ©risĂ©s par la concurrence et la coopĂ©ration. Suzanne Berger (MIT) a ainsi prĂ©sentĂ© ses nouvell..
Detecting Latent Ideology in Expert Text: Evidence From Academic Papers in Economics
Previous work on extracting ideology from text has focused on domains where expression of political views is expected, but itâs unclear if current technology can work in domains where displays of ide-ology are considered inappropriate. We present a supervised ensemble n-gram model for ideology extraction with topic adjustments and apply it to one such do-main: research papers written by academic economists. We show economists â polit-ical leanings can be correctly predicted, that our predictions generalize to new do-mains, and that they correlate with public policy-relevant research findings. We also present evidence that unsupervised models can under-perform in domains where ide-ological expression is discouraged.
Direct Improvement of Hamiltonian Lattice Gauge Theory
We demonstrate that a direct approach to improving Hamiltonian lattice gauge
theory is possible. Our approach is to correct errors in the Kogut-Susskind
Hamiltonian by incorporating additional gauge invariant terms. The coefficients
of these terms are chosen so that the order classical errors vanish. We
conclude with a brief discussion of tadpole improvement in Hamiltonian lattice
gauge theory.Comment: 9 page
Simulating quantum mechanics on a quantum computer
Algorithms are described for efficiently simulating quantum mechanical
systems on quantum computers. A class of algorithms for simulating the
Schrodinger equation for interacting many-body systems are presented in some
detail. These algorithms would make it possible to simulate nonrelativistic
quantum systems on a quantum computer with an exponential speedup compared to
simulations on classical computers. Issues involved in simulating relativistic
systems of Dirac and gauge particles are discussed.Comment: 22 pages LaTeX; Expanded version of a talk given by WT at the
PhysComp '96 conference, BU, Boston MA, November 1996. Minor corrections
made, references adde
Tetracritical behavior in strongly interacting theories
We suggest a tetracritical fixed point to naturally occur in strongly
interacting theories. As a fundamental example we analyze the
temperature--quark chemical potential phase diagram of QCD with fermions in the
adjoint representation of the gauge group (i.e. adjoint QCD). Here we show that
such a non trivial multicritical point exists and is due to the interplay
between the spontaneous breaking of a global U(1) symmetry and the center group
symmetry associated to confinement. Our results demonstrate that taking
confinement into account is essential for understanding the critical behavior
as well as the full structure of the phase diagram of adjoint QCD. This is in
contrast to ordinary QCD where the center group symmetry associated to
confinement is explicitly broken when the quarks are part of the theory.Comment: RevTex, 5 figures. Final version to appear in PR
- âŠ