Welsh 2016 half-hourly building energy consumption profiles for domestic and non-domestic buildings by 2011 Census output area. Split by Local Authority Areas

These estimated Half Hourly data profiles for all the Local Authorities in Wales for the Calendar Year 2016 were derived by the Authors as part of the Institute of Welsh Affairs 'Re-energizing Wales' Project in 2017. They were produced to help understand the half hourly demand in this area of Wales with a particular focus on informing the debate about the contribution of Renewable Resources to these energy demands, both for 2016 and then by extrapolation into the future. They are derived from a mixture of Measured Data, Modelling, Ordnance Survey Data and Assumptions. Please see the accompanying Word Document to show their derivation and limitations. All publication and derived works rights in this work are retained by the authors

The implications of demand response measures and electrification of transport on UK household energy demand and consumption

This study has been undertaken to gain a better understanding on how the residential electricity demand and consumption values might evolve in the medium term in a future built environment benefiting from renewable energy systems and storage technologies. Analysis and modeling of winter and summer electricity demand and consumption data in four scenarios for 2030 was performed, after the establishment of a baseline scenario in 2015 (BS 2015). The scenarios in 2030 included the business as usual scenario (BAU 2030), a scenario assuming electrification of heating and energy efficiency measures (EE 2030), a scenario in which demand response measures are also considered (DR 2030) and a scenario in which one electric vehicle (EV) is assumed for each house as well (Te 2030). Electricity demand and consumption ranges for different scales at the distribution level for each scenario were derived. It was concluded that properties with currently low peak demand values are bound to experience a much higher peak in the early morning hours in winter under the Te 2030 scenario than properties with already high peak demand. This would signify a new peak at a new time. In terms of electricity consumption in 2030, the energy efficiency measures would counterbalance the increase of electricity consumption due to the inclusion of the EV in winter, so the consumption in Te 2030 is found to be similar to the consumption in BAU 2030. The analysis also demonstrated the need to explore the potential role of thermal storage versus electricity storage in buildings

The impact of pre-entry work experience on university students’ perceived employability

Much research on the employability development of university students and the employability experience of graduates treats learners as experientially homogenous and ignores the potential impact of pre-entry work experience on either students’ confidence or their employability-related behaviours. This study explored the confidence of commencing students aged 17 to 21. The objective was to understand whether and how study and career confidence differs among commencing students according to whether they have never worked, are working whilst studying, or have worked previously and have stopped work. The impact of work experience including that gained prior to university entry is often overlooked when discussing students’ perceived employability. This largely quantitative study explores the perceived employability of commencing university students who began their studies soon after finishing high school and compares these self-perceptions relative to work experience. The study employed a self-measure of study and career confidence (Bennett, 2021) grounded in social cognitive career theory with 2,374 full-time students. Differences across the categories were explored using t-tests and multivariate analysis. The analysis concluded that 1,272 students (53.6%) were working at the time of the study, 1,025 students (46.4%) had previously worked but were not working at the time of the study and 77 students (3.2%) had never worked. The findings, illustrated by students’ text-based descriptions of their employability development activities, suggest a hierarchical relationship between pre-entry work-experience and more confident self-perceptions of employability. Implications for higher education employability development are discussed

Dolomitization of the Lower Ordovician Aguathuna Formation carbonates, Port au Port Peninsula, western Newfoundland, Canada: implications for a hydrocarbon reservoir

The Lower Ordovician Aguathuna Formation (∼100 m thick) is formed of shallow-marine carbonates, which constitute the uppermost part of the St. George Group of western Newfoundland. Sedimentation was paused by a major subaerial exposure (St. George Unconformity), which likely developed a significant pore system in the underlying carbonates by meteoric dissolution. The sequence has been affected by multiphase dolomitization that caused complex changes in the rock porosity. The Aguathuna dolomites are classified into three main generations ranging in crystal size between ∼4 µm and 2 mm. The occurrence of fabric-retentive dolomicrites implies that dolomitization likely started during the early stages of diagenesis. Although dolomitization is pervasive in the upper part of the formation and significantly occludes the pores, some intervals in the lower part have higher porosity. The development of lower permeable layers overlain by an impermeable (seal) cap suggests a possible potential diagenetic trap. Unlike sabkha deposits, the Aguathuna carbonates do not have evaporite interlayers. Furthermore, the low Sr contents (∼96 ppm) and the δ18O values of earlier dolomites (–3.3‰ to –6.9‰ VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite)) are also difficult to reconcile with a brine origin. The Sr/Ca molar ratios (0.0067–0.0009), calculated for the earliest dolomitizing fluid, suggest a modified seawater origin, likely mixed sea and meteoric waters. The least radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values of the earliest dolomite are consistent with those of early Ordovician seawater, which supports an early-stage diagenesis. Petrography, geochemistry, and fluid inclusions of the late dolomites suggest precipitation at higher temperatures (∼73–95 °C) in deeper burial environments from hydrothermal solutions

Implementing the use of operational data in buildings

This paper considers how Operational Data might address both legislative and operational requirements from the viewpoint of an operational estate. It is framed within the context of the IEE iSERVcmb project procedures for describing operational energy data against the building activities and assets. The observations and findings from the paper show that there appear no practical reasons why the same operational data should not be used to show compliance with legislative procedures, if these were to be framed appropriately, and to provide the detailed information needed to enable action to achieve efficiency improvements in an Estate. The paper shows the significant measured energy savings possible from the use of Operational Data, as well as the ability to understand the physical estate more accurately. The work is based on characterizing utility use in an Operational Estate by reference to performance achieved in other operational buildings, but the procedure could be used to characterize any efficiency measure with practical derived metrics

'n Vergelyking tussen die afronding van beeste op anthephora pubescens en natuurlike veld in die Vryburg-omgewing

ThesisAn comparison between the fattening potential of cattle onAnthephorapubescens and natural veld in the Vryburg region The fattening potential of Anthephora pubescens was investigated with one-year and two-year oxen and compared to natural pasture. On Anthephora pubescens animal mass twice-weekly obtained, as well as, cold carcass mass, grading, growth and production data, climatological data, crude protein and digestibility, voluntary feed intake and economical viability. The available pasture, crude protein and digestibility, twice-weekly animal mass, cold carcass mass, grading and the economy were determined on veld. The project period was characterised by a low average annual rainfall of355 mm, in comparison to the long-term average of 432 mm. On grass and veld pasture the average daily gain of the oneyear oxen was 1. 102 en 0.899 gram per day, while that of the two-year oxen was respectively 1.129 and 1.000 gram daily. A statistical analysis of the average daily gain showed significant differences between season and age and group and season. Average dry matter production ofthe bottlebrush pasture was 1 900 kglha. On average, the fattening periods of both groups of oxen on grass and veld pasture were 108 and 109 days respectively. On bottle brush pasture the average stocking rate was 2.20 ha/LSU and that of veld 15.60 ha/LSU for the trial period. The stocking rate on veld was exceptionally low due to a calculation error. Voluntary intake ofboth groups of oxen were satisfactory on the bottle grass pasture. During the trial period the crude protein, digestibility and dry organic matter ofboth pastures were quite low. Carcass grading on the grass pasture was better than on veld. Economically, the grass pasture had a higher gross margin per hectar than veld. Veld pasture had better gross margins per LSU, one-year oxen and two-year oxen during the trial period. The fattening potential of Anthephora pubescens can be highly esteemed in the Vryburg region. This crop had a high production, is adaptable, high grading is possible with Bonsmara oxen and compared well with veld pasture. The conversion of marginal soils into veld with planted pastures like bottlebrush should be very popular, as planted pastures can be economically viable with good management. The risk of fattening oxen in this area is increased by the unreliable rainfall