The Impact of National Culture on Accounting Estimates (II)

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Cultural Neuroeconomics of Intertemporal Choice

According to theories of cultural neuroscience, Westerners and Easterners may have distinct styles of cognition (e.g., different allocation of attention). Previous research has shown that Westerners and Easterners tend to utilize analytical and holistic cognitive styles, respectively. On the other hand, little is known regarding the cultural differences in neuroeconomic behavior. For instance, economic decisions may be affected by cultural differences in neurocomputational processing underlying attention; however, this area of neuroeconomics has been largely understudied. In the present paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by considering the links between the theory of cultural neuroscience and neuroeconomic theory\ud of the role of attention in intertemporal choice. We predict that (i) Westerners are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice in comparison to Easterners, and (ii) Westerners more steeply discount delayed monetary losses than Easterners. We examine these predictions by utilizing a novel temporal discounting model based on Tsallis' statistics (i.e. a q-exponential model). Our preliminary analysis of temporal discounting of gains and losses by Americans and Japanese confirmed the predictions from the cultural neuroeconomic theory. Future study directions, employing computational modeling via neural networks, are briefly outlined and discussed

都市における水面・緑地の暑熱緩和に関する調査研究

第1章 序論 第2章 気象データの統計解析による夏季の風の海陸風的な特徴 第3章 都市内河川の通風効果とその周囲への暑熱緩和効果 第4章 都市内公園池および緑地の暑熱緩和効果とその周囲への熱的影響 第5章 街路に形成される熱環境の実態に関する調査 第6章 都市における土地利用分布と気温分布 第7章 総括Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-04T00:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 kitayama1.pdf: 12968193 bytes, checksum: 5a0a847f64a6ea42aa584fde577f362e (MD5) kitayama2.pdf: 11360656 bytes, checksum: e5a00a51c0c2cb9918ddadddb664cd2d (MD5) kitayama3.pdf: 8978046 bytes, checksum: 42086019f46f530feafdab5a93d99abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992-06-2

走行時に自動車へ到来する環境音の到来方向推定と音の種別のパターン認識

金沢大学総合技術部機器開発部門（理工）人が特別に意識せず聞き分ける音であるが、ロボット聴覚の技術として応用する場合、音の特微抽出が重要となる。例えば、救急車のサイレンは770、960Hzの周波数成分が主であり、これら特徴的な周波数を有する音と比べ、一般的な自動車や人を音で判断する場合、特定の周波数だけでなく、幅広い周波数での特徴をもって認識する必要がある。本研究では、自動運転技術を用いた運転行動判断への環境音の利用に向けて、走行時に自動車へ到来する環境音の到来方向推定と音の種別のパターン認識を行う。研究課題/領域番号:20H00914, 研究期間(年度):2020-04-01 – 2021-03-31出典：研究課題「走行時に自動車へ到来する環境音の到来方向推定と音の種別のパターン認識」課題番号20H00914（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H00914/）を加工して作

薄膜構造による音の反射・透過に関する実験

金沢大学総合技術部【研究目的】薄膜構造を音の伝播経路に設置することで、材質の物性に起因する膜強度や厚さ、膜自体の振動が音響インピーダンス、更には音の伝播特性に与える影響に関して実験的な検討を行い、特定周波数の音のみに影響を与える膜構造の提案を目的とする。【研究方法】背後空気層(100mm)と共に配置された円形膜の音の反射について、円形膜の材質、膜径(40、30、20mm)を変化させた際の垂直入射吸音率を測定することで評価した。円形膜の固有振動数及び、吸音率の目標設定、実験結果との比較考察のため、有限要素法解析ソフトを使用し、膜の振動を含めた音響解析を行った。本研究での膜は板として扱い、実験の際には張力は与えずに背後空気層と同径の穴の開いた板によって膜を挟み込み、ボルトの締め付け力で膜を固定した。数値解析の際にはヤング率、ポアソン比などを用いて計算を行った。使用した膜の材質、厚さについては以下の通り。・ネオフロンPFA0.1mm(ダイキン製)、塩化ビニル0.1mm、ポリエチレン0.08mm【研究成果】数値解析より、上記のすべての場合において背後空気層を含めた膜の固有振動に対応して、鋭いピークを持つ吸音率が得られた。測定結果と比較した際、最も解析に近い結果となったものがPFA膜(径40mm)の一次固有振動に対応する結果であり、測定値において200Hzでのピーク吸音率0.85が得られた。しかし、今回計測を行った50～1000Hz間のすべてにわたって数値解析と測定結果の吸音率が一致するものは無く、膜径20mmの場合には吸音率の測定が困難であった。より高次の固有振動に対応する吸音率の測定には、パッキンなどを用いた膜の固定力の均一化、より小径の膜の場合には、固有振動が励起される程度に薄い膜を用いるなどの改善策を想定している。研究課題/領域番号:17H00331, 研究期間(年度):201

Metal Ion Selectivity of the Vanadium(V)-Reductase Vanabin2

In a previous study, Vanabin2, a member of a family of V(IV)-binding proteins, or Vanabins, was shown to act as a V(V)-reductase. The current study assesses the ability of Vanabin2 to reduce various transition metal ions in vitro. An NADPH-coupled oxidation assay yielded no evidence of reduction activity with the hexavalent transition metal anions, MoVIO42- and WVIO42-, or with three divalent cations, Mn(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). Although Cu(II) is readily reduced by glutathione and is gradually oxidized in air, this process was not affected by the presence of Vanabin2. In the experiments conducted thus far, Vanabin2 acts only as a V(V)-reductase. This high selectivity may account for the metal ion selectivity of vanadium accumulation in ascidians

Outburst of LS V+44 17 Observed by MAXI and RXTE, and Discovery of a Dip Structure in the Pulse Profile

We report on the first observation of an X-ray outburst of a Be/X-ray binary pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431, and the discovery of an absorption dip structure in the pulse profile. An outburst of this source was discovered by MAXI GSC in 2010 April. It was the first detection of the transient activity of LS V +44 17 since the source was identified as a Be/X-ray binary in 1997. From the data of the follow-up RXTE observation near the peak of the outburst, we found a narrow dip structure in its pulse profile which was clearer in the lower energy bands. The pulse-phase-averaged energy spectra in the 3$-$100 keV band can be fitted with a continuum model containing a power-law function with an exponential cutoff and a blackbody component, which are modified at low energy by an absorption component. A weak iron K$\alpha$ emission line is also detected in the spectra. From the pulse-phase-resolved spectroscopy we found that the absorption column density at the dip phase was much higher than those in the other phases. The dip was not seen in the subsequent RXTE observations at lower flux levels. These results suggest that the dip in the pulse profile originates from the eclipse of the radiation from the neutron star by the accretion column.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Long-term Monitoring of the Black Hole Binary GX 339-4 in the High/Soft State during the 2010 Outburst with MAXI/GSC

We present the results of monitoring the Galactic black hole candidate GX 339-4 with the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) / Gas Slit Camera (GSC) in the high/soft state during the outburst in 2010. All the spectra throughout the 8-month period are well reproduced with a model consisting of multi-color disk (MCD) emission and its Comptonization component, whose fraction is <= 25% in the total flux. In spite of the flux variability over a factor of 3, the innermost disk radius is constant at R_in = 61 +/- 2 km for the inclination angle of i = 46 deg and the distance of d=8 kpc. This R_in value is consistent with those of the past measurements with Tenma in the high/soft state. Assuming that the disk extends to the innermost stable circular orbit of a non-spinning black hole, we estimate the black hole mass to be M = 6.8 +/- 0.2 M_sun for i = 46 deg and d = 8 kpc, which is consistent with that estimated from the Suzaku observation of the previous low/hard state. Further combined with the mass function, we obtain the mass constraint of 4.3 M_sun < M < 13.3 M_sun for the allowed range of d = 6-15 kpc and i < 60 deg. We also discuss the spin parameter of the black hole in GX 339-4 by applying relativistic accretion disk models to the Swift/XRT data.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ (Suzaku+MAXI special issue