Effect of honest and humble leadership on sales outcome

The role of leaders in shaping team outcomes is vital (Williams et al., 2010). As such, we know leaders play a significant role, influencing the attitudes and behaviors of their employees. It is widely believed that by influencing the values and priorities of their followers, leaders inspire them to perform beyond expectations (Ou et al., 2015). The leader-follower relationship lies at the heart of all transformations that are initiated and triggered by leaders (Owens & Hekman, 2016). Based on the role theory and social exchange theory, LMX theory helps to explain the exchange relationship between leaders and subordinates in terms of antecedents and outcomes (Liden et al., 1997). The exchange relationship between leader and followers depends upon the value they can offer each other, and LMX provides a framework to evaluate the larger network of such exchanges, which then help explain important organizational outcomes such as performance and customer orientation (Liden et al., 1997). Therefore, LMX theory can be leveraged as a basis of examination in order to establish and present the outcomes of this study. Based on the literature, it appears that humility theory is a part of servant leadership, but it is not clear how both are related. There is no evidence to examine whether humility is a component or an antecedent of servant leadership (Rego et al., 2017). In a similar fashion, we don't know what impact servant leadership has on honesty-humility leadership. This study intends to fill this gap in the leadership literature by investigating the influence of servant leadership on honesty-humility leadership. Using Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory, this study will advance the literature by exploring the impact of servant leadership on honesty-humility theory of leadership and what influence their combined impact will have on organizational outcomes such as performance and customer orientation

New Information on the Cranial Anatomy of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of Allosauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

Allosauroidea has a contentious taxonomic and systematic history. Within this group of theropod dinosaurs, considerable debate has surrounded the phylogenetic position of the large-bodied allosauroid Acrocanthosaurus atokensis from the Lower Cretaceous Antlers Formation of North America. Several prior analyses recover Acrocanthosaurus atokensis as sister taxon to the smaller-bodied Allosaurus fragilis known from North America and Europe, and others nest Acrocanthosaurus atokensis within Carcharodontosauridae, a large-bodied group of allosauroids that attained a cosmopolitan distribution during the Early Cretaceous.Re-evaluation of a well-preserved skull of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis (NCSM 14345) provides new information regarding the palatal complex and inner surfaces of the skull and mandible. Previously inaccessible internal views and articular surfaces of nearly every element of the skull are described. Twenty-four new morphological characters are identified as variable in Allosauroidea, combined with 153 previously published characters, and evaluated for eighteen terminal taxa. Systematic analysis of this dataset recovers a single most parsimonious topology placing Acrocanthosaurus atokensis as a member of Allosauroidea, in agreement with several recent analyses that nest the taxon well within Carcharodontosauridae.A revised diagnosis of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis finds that the species is distinguished by four primary characters, including: presence of a knob on the lateral surangular shelf; enlarged posterior surangular foramen; supraoccipital protruding as a double-boss posterior to the nuchal crest; and pneumatic recess within the medial surface of the quadrate. Furthermore, the recovered phylogeny more closely agrees with the stratigraphic record than hypotheses that place Acrocanthosaurus atokensis as more closely related to Allosaurus fragilis. Fitch optimization of body size is also more consistent with the placement of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis within a clade of larger carcharodontosaurid taxa than with smaller-bodied taxa near the base of Allosauroidea. This placement of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis supports previous hypotheses of a global carcharodontosaurid radiation during the Early Cretaceous

Coming Out as Fat

This paper examines the surprising case of women who "come out as fat" to test and refine theories about social change, social mobilization, stigma, and stigma resistance. First, supporting theories about "social movement spillover," we find that overlapping memberships in queer and fat activist groups, as well as networks between these groups, have facilitated the migration of this cultural narrative. Second, we find that the different, embodied context of body size and sexual orientation leads to changes in meaning as this narrative travels. Specifically, the hyper-visibility of fat changes what it means to come out as a fat person, compared to what it means to come out as gay or lesbian. Third, this case leads us to question the importance of the distinction made in the literatures on stigma and on social movements between assimilationist strategies that stress sameness, on the one hand, and radical political strategies that emphasize difference, on the other. Finally, this case suggests that the extent to which a stigmatized trait is associated with membership in a social group-with its own practices, values, and norms- shapes what it means to "come out" as one who possesses that trait. © 2011 American Sociological Association