Additional file 1: Table S1. of Prostate cancer-specific survival among warfarin users in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

ATC codes for anticoagulant drugs included in the study. (DOCX 207 kb

Overall cancer cancer mortality by NSAID current use versus non-use stratified by patient characteristics in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.

<p>Overall cancer cancer mortality by NSAID current use versus non-use stratified by patient characteristics in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.</p

Overall cancer mortality and lag time analyses by amount, duration and intensity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial during 1996–2012.

<p>Overall cancer mortality and lag time analyses by amount, duration and intensity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial during 1996–2012.</p

Warfarin use and prostate cancer risk in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

<p><b>Objective:</b> Anticoagulants, especially vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin, have been hypothesized to have antitumor properties, and use of VKAs has been associated with a lower prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This study estimated PCa risk among users of warfarin and other anticoagulants.</p> <p><b>Materials and methods:</b> All anticoagulant use among 78,615 men during 1995–2009 was analyzed. Cox regression, adjusted for age, screening trial arm and use of other medications, with medication use as a time-dependent variable, was used to estimate PCa risk overall, and by tumor grade and stage.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> In total, 6537 men were diagnosed with PCa during 1995–2009 (1210 among warfarin users). Compared to non-users, warfarin use was associated with an increased risk of PCa [multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.22]. This was limited to short-term, low-dose use, and was not observed in long-term use. A similar overall risk increase was observed for Gleason grade 7–10 PCa. Low-dose, short-term use of warfarin was associated with an increased risk of metastatic PCa. However, the increase in risk vanished with continued use. Compared to other anticoagulants, low-dose use of warfarin was associated with a slightly elevated overall PCa risk (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.00–1.43). The increase in risk disappeared in long-term, high-dose use.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study, which included a larger number of PCa cases with warfarin exposure than previous studies, does not support previous notions of decreased risk of PCa among warfarin users. A similar risk of PCa was found among warfarin users and the general population, and no difference in risk was found between warfarin and other anticoagulants.</p

Comparison of intermittent and continuous androgen deprivation and quality of life between patients with locally advanced and patients with metastatic prostate cancer: a <i>post hoc</i> analysis of the randomized FinnProstate Study VII

<p><i>Objective.</i> The aim of the study was to compare intermittent (IAD) and continuous (CAD) androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) between locally advanced (M0) and metastatic (M1) prostate cancer, and the effect of ADT on the quality of life. <i>Material and methods.</i> In total, 852 men with advanced prostate cancer were enrolled to receive goserelin acetate for 24 weeks. Of these, 554 patients whose prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decreased to less than 10 ng/ml or by at least 50% (<20 ng/ml at baseline) were randomized to IAD or CAD. In the IAD arm, ADT was resumed for at least 24 weeks whenever PSA increased to greater than 20 ng/ml or above baseline. <i>Results.</i> Median follow-up time was 65 months. Median times from randomization to progression, death, prostate cancer death and treatment failure in M0 and M1 patients were 46.8 and 21.4, 57.6 and 40.3, 59.5 and 40.7, and 41.9 and 20.0 months, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences emerged between IAD and CAD. ADT showed a beneficial effect on pain, activity limitation and social functioning in M1 patients, and a deleterious effect on physical capacity in M0 patients and on sexual functioning in both groups. IAD offered extra benefit for activity limitation, social functioning and recovery of sexual functioning. <i>Conclusions.</i> IAD is as efficient as CAD in treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. ADT improves quality of life in M1 patients, with IAD offering extra benefit.</p