7 research outputs found
Fenoolsed ühendid kui fütopatogeeni Pectobacterium wasabiae voogamist kontrollivad signaalmolekulid
- Author
- Publication venue
- Tartu Ülikool
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Taimepatogeenide levimise piiramiseks on oluline mõista nende liikumist taimes. Selleks kasutatakse meie uurimisgrupis mudelorganismina märgmädanikku põhjustavat Pectobacterium wasabiae SCC3193 tüve. Selles bakalaurusetöös analüüsitakse nii metanooliga kartulimugulatest ekstraheeritud fenoolsete ühendite kui ka üksikute fenoolsete ühendite, nagu salitsüülhape ja klorogeenhape, mõju mudelorganismi voogamisele in vitro
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA 3’ otsa tuvastamine S1 nukleaasiga
- Author
- Publication venue
- Tartu Ülikool
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Persistorid on uinuvolekus bakterid, mida antibiootikumid ei tapa ning need takistavad krooniliste bakterinakkuste ravi. Persistorid on paljuski sõltuvad toksiin-antitoksiin (TA) süsteemidest. Selleks, et paremini mõista TA süsteemide rolli persistorite tekkes, kasutatakse antud töös Escherichia coli-t mudelorganismina, et uurida MazE-MazF TA süsteemi toksiini MazF mõju ribosomaalse RNA lõikamisele, tuvastada MazF 16S rRNA lõikesaidid S1 nukleaasiga märkimise meetodil ning arutleda MazF olulisuses stressiribosoomide tekke
LPS immune challenge reduces arcuate nucleus TSHR and CART mRNA and elevates plasma CART peptides
- Author
- B Baranowska
- B Baranowska
- BM Iresjo
- Britt-Marie Iresjö
- C Cahlin
- C Fekete
- C Fekete
- CJJ van Zeijl
- DA Van Vugt
- EO Koylu
- F Crestani
- G Wittmann
- HL Kimmel
- J Bockmann
- JK Elmquist
- Jonathan R. Burgos
- JR Burgos
- JR Burgos
- K Duan
- K Nakabayashi
- KP Skibicka
- L Gautron
- L Gautron
- Linda Olsson
- M Chmielowska
- M López
- MF Prummel
- MT Lin
- P Crisanti
- P Kristensen
- PB Jensen
- PJ Larsen
- RPA Gaykema
- S Aja
- S Hojvat
- S Hojvat
- S Wong
- S-C Sun
- SA Stanley
- SL Okada
- T Füzesi
- U Smedh
- U Smedh
- Ulrika Smedh
- UN Das
- V Sergeyev
- W Wang
- WJ DeVito
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
The Marriage “Solution”: Misplaced Simplicity in the Politics of Fatherhood
- Author
- American Values: 1998 National Survey of Americans on Values
- Andrew Billingsley
- Berlet Chip
- Berlet Chip
- Blankenhorn David
- Blankenhorn David
- Boone W.
- Brechbill Bonnie Hellum
- Brickner Bryan W.
- Coltrane Scott
- Coltrane Scott
- Coltrane Scott
- Coltrane Scott
- Coltrane Scott
- Coontz Stephanie
- Diamond Sara
- Dobson James
- Doherty William J.
- Doherty William J.
- Eberly Don
- Eberly Don
- Farrar Steve
- Glenn Norval
- Glenn Norval D.
- Griffith Marie
- Hawkins Alan J.
- Heritage Foundation
- Herrnstein Richard J.
- Himmelstein Jerome L.
- Horn Wade
- Horn Wade
- Horn Wade
- Kimmel Michael
- Klatch Rebecca E.
- Levine James A.
- Lewis Robert
- Luker Kristin
- Luker Kristin
- Marsiglio William
- Messner Michael
- Mintz Steven
- Murray Charles
- Nock Steven L.
- Palkovitz Rob
- Palm Glen
- Popenoe David
- Popenoe David
- Pruett Kyle D.
- Schaeffer Francis A.
- Skolnick Arlene S.
- Spector Malcolm
- Stacey Judith
- Stacey Judith
- Stacey Judith
- Stanley Scott
- Waite Linda J.
- Wilcox Clyde
- Wuthnow Robert
- Publication venue
- 'University of California Press'
- Publication date
- Field of study
A Bibliography of Dissertations Related to Illinois History, 1996-2011
- Author
- Absher Amy
- Acosta Aide
- Acosta Aide
- Adams Linda Kinsey
- Adeoye Oladimeji E
- Aftandilian Dave
- Aftandilian Dave
- Akey Lisa J
- Alanis Jaime
- Allen John G
- Allison Lara N
- Alt Susan M
- Alt Susan M
- Alter Peter Thomas
- Alvarez Rene Luis
- Alvarez Rene Luis
- Amezcua Mike
- Anderson Warren D
- Anderson Warren D
- Andrade Juan
- Arnall January Parkos
- Arnall January Parkos
- Augustine Luke Michael
- Augustine Luke Michael
- Augustyn Frederick J
- Ayabe John A
- Bachin Robin Faith
- Bahve Maya Elizabeth
- Baker Laura Elizabeth
- Barnette Jane Stewart
- Barnette Jane Stewart
- Barr Mary
- Bates Beth Tompkins
- Baule Steven Michael
- Beasley James P
- Behle James Gregory
- Belovari Susanne
- Berg Peter Iversen
- Berres Thomas
- Berres Thomas
- Best Wallace D
- Best Wallace D
- Bielakowski Rae M
- Bielakowski Rae M
- Biggs Michael Peter
- Birgen Judith Ann
- Birgen Judith Ann
- Blair Cynthia Marie
- Block Daniel Ralston
- Bloom Alan
- Boehm
- Bohlmann Rachel Elizabeth
- Bohlmann Rachel Elizabeth
- Boruchoff Judith A
- Boyd Roger E
- Boyd Roger E
- Breitzer Susan Roth
- Breitzer Susan Roth
- Brinkman Paul David
- Brune Jeffrey A
- Bryant Rebecca A
- Buckley Constance R
- Buckley Constance R
- Buckley Constance R
- Buckun Ann Louise
- Buelow Paul A
- Buenger Nancy
- Buenger Nancy
- Burke Amy Doreen
- Burns Andrea Alison
- Burris John Paul
- Burris John Paul
- Cabello Tristan
- Cabello Tristan
- Cadagin Sean P
- Campaigne David A
- Campaigne David A
- Canfield Amy Taipale
- Canfield Amy Taipale
- Canfield Amy Taipale
- Cano Gustavo
- Cardman Elizabeth R
- Carr Patrick J
- Chambers Michael Allen
- Chambliss Julian C
- Chatelain Marcia
- Chawszczewski Susanne Arlene
- Chesen Judy A
- Chesen Judy A
- Chism Monique M
- Chism Monique M
- Clague Mark Allan
- Clague Mark Allan
- Clardy Brian Keith
- Clardy Brian Keith
- Cobb Deirdre Lynn
- Cocks Catherine Campbell
- Cocks Catherine Campbell
- Cohen Andrew Wender
- Cohen Jennifer Leah
- Cohen Jennifer Leah
- Cohen Michael Mark
- Cohen Michael Mark
- Coit Jonathan S
- Cooley Will
- Cooper Guasco Suzanne
- Cormode Scott
- Cortez Gabriel A
- Cremin Dennis H
- Cremin Dennis H
- Cromwell Arthur Carrall
- Cubbage Kent T
- Cunningham Erin
- Cunningham Erin
- Cyr Mark Allen
- Danns Dionne A
- Davis-Hayes Kenya
- De Genova Nicholas P
- De Leon Cedric
- Deason Brian Scot
- Delaney-Rivera Colleen Marie
- Demel Scott J
- Demel Scott J
- Demel Scott J
- Deutsch Tracey Ann
- Dexter Shalanda Denise
- Diamond Andrew J
- Dillane Aileen
- Dillane Aileen
- Dimuro Joseph
- Dluger Marc A
- Dluger Marc A
- Dobbie David S
- Dobschuetz Barbara Louise
- Dolan Mark K
- Domina Meryl
- Donovan Brian Lane
- Donovan Brian Lane
- Downey Brant
- Dube Caleb
- Ehrhardt Kathleen L
- Epstein Pamela Ilyse
- Esquibel Elena
- Exposition
- Fansler Michael James
- Farmer Stephanie
- Fenderson Jonathan Bryan
- Fernandez Lilia
- Feurer Rosemary Ann
- Fie Shannon Marie
- Fie Shannon Marie
- Fine Eve
- Fine Eve
- Finstein Amy Debra
- Florang Donald Dean
- Foley Winkler Kathleen M
- Foley Winkler Kathleen M
- Gaddis Vincent Ray
- Gaddis Vincent Ray
- Ganz Cheryl R
- Garb Margaret
- Garfinkle Charlene G
- Garfinkle Charlene G
- Giertz Jon
- Gill
- Gleason Catherine H
- Goddard Caroline K
- Goddard Caroline K
- Goddard Caroline K
- Goddard Constance Heaton
- Goddard Constance Heaton
- Goldsmith Julie Ann
- Gomez Diane C
- Gomez Diane C
- Gonzalez Suronda A
- Gordon Michelle Yvonne
- Graff Rebecca Sara
- Graff Rebecca Sara
- Graff Rebecca Sara
- Graham Arleen Pancza
- Grate Lanette Lawrence
- Grate Lanette Lawrence
- Grau Scott R
- Grau Scott R
- Gray Jennifer Louise
- Gray Stephen C
- Grazian David
- Green Adam Paul
- Gruen Jason Philip
- Guglielmo Mark Anthony
- Guglielmo Thomas Angelo
- Gumery Keith David
- Guy Roger Stephen
- Hallstoos Brian James
- Harden Jacalyn D
- Harding John Sheldon
- Harris Leslie J
- Harris Leslie J
- Harris Sean J
- Hart Shannon P
- Hart Shannon P
- Hash Philip M
- Hasier Paulette Marie
- Haverty-Stacke Donna Truglio
- Hayes Andrew Martin
- Hayes Andrew Martin
- Hayes Andrew Martin
- Hayes Melissa A
- Hayes Melissa A
- Heath Susan E
- Hedman Kristin Marie
- Hegner Victoria
- Helford Reid Marc
- Helgeson Jeffrey
- Henderson Zorich Camille
- Henderson Zorich Camille
- Hinderer Moira Elizabeth
- Hines Richard Kenneth
- Hines Richard Kenneth
- Hines Richard Kenneth
- Hiort Wright Sofia A. T.
- Hiort Wright Sofia A. T.
- Hiort Wright Sofia A. T.
- Hoehnle Peter Andrew
- Hoehnle Peter Andrew
- Hohlt Brian Richard
- Hohlt Brian Richard
- Holland Lee Ellen
- Holt Julie Zimmermann
- Holt Julie Zimmermann
- House Roger Randolph
- Hricko Mary
- Huang Carol
- Huang Carol
- Hubbard Ladee
- Hubbard Ladee
- Hunt D. Bradford.
- Hussman Polly R
- Hussman Polly R
- Hussman Polly R
- Hyra Derek S
- Inaba Mitsutoshi
- Innis-Jimenez Michael D
- Ireland Patricia L
- Jackson Erika Kathleen
- Jackson Gordon S
- Jackson Robert Wendell
- Jass Stephanie J
- Jensen Kirsten M
- Joens David A
- Joens David A
- Johnson Carolyn Schiller
- Johnson Frank Everett
- Johnson Kirk Anthony
- Jordan Gwen Hoerr
- Jordan Gwen Hoerr
- Kamerling Henry Douglas
- Karim Jamillah Ashira
- Karim Jamillah Ashira
- Karim Jamillah Ashira
- Keene David J
- Kefalas Maria J
- Kelliher Thomas G
- Keyes Jonathan J
- Kim Jason Hyungkyun
- Kim Jason Hyungkyun
- Kimble Lionel
- Kimmel Sheryl Adelman
- Kinkel Marianne Beatrice
- Kinkel Marianne Beatrice
- Kiper Richard Leslie
- Kiper Richard Leslie
- Kleinaitis Joyce
- Kleinaitis Joyce
- Ko Jen-Li
- Koehlinger Amy Lynn
- Koehlinger Amy Lynn
- Koenig Brigitte Anne
- Koenig Brigitte Anne
- Koenig Brigitte Anne
- Kollros James Carl
- Koziol Kathryn M
- Koziol Kathryn M
- Kozuch Laura
- Kozuch Laura
- Labat Sean Joseph
- Lagler Amy R
- LaGrande James B
- Lan Shanshan
- Langlois Lisa Kaye
- Langlois Lisa Kaye
- Langlois Lisa Kaye
- LaRoche Cheryl Janifer
- LaRoche Cheryl Janifer
- Latham Joyce M
- Latham Joyce M
- Laukaitis John J
- Leahy Jessica Erin
- Leavelle Tracy Neal
- Leavelle Tracy Neal
- Leavelle Tracy Neal
- Lechtman Zohar
- Lechtman Zohar
- Lee Sarah Jaggi
- Lee Sarah Jaggi
- Lee Su-Kyung
- Lerner Daniel J
- Lewinnek Elaine
- Lewinnek Elaine
- Lewis Catherine Melissa
- Lindaman Matthew R
- Lindstrom Julie Ann
- Litchfield Stephen William
- Logan Gabriel S
- Lohne Raymond A
- Lorimer Anne
- Low John N
- Lumpkins Charles L
- Lupkin Joshua Mark
- Lupo
- Lyons John
- Lyons John
- MaCaulay Dendy
- Mackaman Thomas
- Mackaman Thomas
- Maher Thomas O
- Maloney-Geregach Mary C
- Mangcu Xolela
- Mangold William L
- Mapes Mary Lynne
- Marcus Sarah Susan
- Markwell David Thomas
- Mason Byron Douglas
- Mason Paul Warren
- Materson Lisa Gail
- Mayfield Loomis
- McCarthy Malachy Richard
- McCarthy Malachy Richard
- McCoyer Michael
- McDaniel David Paul
- McDaniel David Paul
- McDermott Stacy Pratt
- McFarland David R
- McFarland Morgan J
- McKeown Adam
- McMillan Gloria Lee
- McMillan Gloria Lee
- McMillan Gloria Lee
- McNally
- Mekel Sonja L
- Mendelsohn Betsy Thomas
- Mendelsohn Betsy Thomas
- Meyers Christopher C
- Meyers Christopher C
- Michael Vincent Leszczynski
- Minich Frances Johanna
- Minich Frances Johanna
- Mitchell Ted Robert
- Mitchell Ted Robert
- Mitrani Sam
- Moorhead Jonathan David
- Moran Katherine D
- Morris Juliet E
- Morriss Timothy R
- Morrissey Robert Michael
- Morrisson Mark S
- Moser Daniel
- Mulder Mark Timothy
- Mullgardt Brian C
- Naick Patrick Javaid
- Nance Susan
- Nance Susan
- Nathan Daniel Abraham
- Newman Kathe Anne
- Newsome Thomas Aldridge
- Newton-Matza Mitchell
- Newton-Matza Mitchell
- Nicholls Michael L
- Nicholls Michael L
- Nicholsen Michael D
- Niermann Thomas A
- Noll Peter M
- Noraian Monica Cousins
- Noraian Monica Cousins
- Norris F. Terry.
- O'Rourke Bridget Kathleen
- Oehler Susan E
- Olica Sonia
- Olica Sonia
- Olica Sonia
- Olney Kent Robert
- Orr Suzanne Elizabeth
- Orr Suzanne Elizabeth
- Osborne Elizabeth Ann
- Ostergaard Lori Alden
- Ostergaard Lori Alden
- Park Sung Woo
- Park Sung Woo
- Parkinson John Scott
- Pattillo Mary E
- Peck Graham Alexander
- Peck Graham Alexander
- Pena Elaine A
- Percy Ruth
- Percy Ruth
- Perez Gina Mae
- Perez Gina Mae
- Perez Gina Mae
- Perkins DoLen
- Phelps Carmen L
- Ploeger-Tsoulos Joanna Stefanie
- Ploog Randy J
- Plotkin Wendy
- Plotkin Wendy
- Pobst James Herbert
- Poe Tracy Nicole
- Poe Tracy Nicole
- Poe Tracy Nicole
- Pollack David
- Prosterman Annette
- Provasnik Stephen John
- Pykles Benjamin C
- Pykles Benjamin C
- Ramirez Leonard Gabriel
- Ramirez Leonard Gabriel
- Ramos-Zayas Ana Yolanda
- Randoll Stephen E
- Rangaswamy Padma Iyer
- Ransford Elizabeth Hoffman
- Raphael
- Rast Joel Stephen
- Reda John
- Redlich Rosemarie
- Reed Mathew Zeiler
- Reed Mathew Zeiler
- Reid Audley George
- Reid John B
- Reid John B
- Rembis Michael Allen
- Rice Jon F
- Rivera Angelica
- Rivera Angelica
- Rivers Ishwanzya
- Roach Leigh Anne
- Robinson Stephanie Nicole
- Robinson Stephanie Nicole
- Robinson Stephanie Nicole
- Rohr Sylvia
- Rohr Sylvia
- Rose Fionnuala Rhoda
- Rose Fionnuala Rhoda
- Rosebrough Amy L
- Rozario Kevin L
- Rua Merida M
- Ryan Anne Marie
- Rzepka Dana Ivec
- Salt Karen N
- Salt Karen N
- Salzmann Joshua A. T.
- Salzmann Joshua A. T.
- Scandiffio Theresa
- Schilling Timothy Michael
- Schilling Timothy Michael
- Schlessinger Jill Beth
- Schneiderhan Erik
- Schneiderhan Erik
- Schneidhorst Amy C
- Schrenk Lisa Diane
- Schroeder Christopher D
- Schroeder Elizabeth R
- Schroeder Sissel
- Schultz Yvonne R
- Schultz Yvonne R
- Schultz Yvonne R
- Schweber Howard H
- Scipes Kim
- Scipes Stephen R
- Secrist Karen Serwer
- Seham Amy L
- Seligman Amanda Irene
- Seligman Amanda Irene
- Shackelford Alan G
- Shedd Carla
- Sherfy Michael
- Sherrod Elgie Gaynell
- Sider-Rose Michael Jay
- Sider-Rose Michael Jay
- Siegel Paul Bernard
- Sieracki Bernard H
- Sills Kathleen M
- Simpson Mary Caroline
- Sinha Vandna
- Skok Deborah Ann
- Smith Anthony Woodruff
- Smith Brett Hunn
- Smith James Micajah
- Smith James Micajah
- Smith Nola Diane
- Smith Nola Diane
- Spatz David Alexander
- Spatz David Alexander
- Staats Valerie Jean
- Stangl Jane Marie
- Stangl Jane Marie
- Steinbeck Paul
- Stephenson Anne
- Stevens William David
- Stevens William David
- Stewart-Winter Timothy
- Stoltzfus Duane C. S.
- Stone-Gordon Tammy Lee
- Storch Randi Jill
- Storch Randi Jill
- Stovey Patricia Ann
- Strauss Daniel M. W.
- Strayer-Jones Jennifer L
- Stroik Adrienne Lisbeth
- Stroik Adrienne Lisbeth
- Suzukovich Eli Steven
- Suzukovich Eli Steven
- Swartzbaugh Laura K
- Swartzbaugh Laura K
- Swartzman Arlene L
- Swygart-Hobaugh Amanda Jo
- Swygart-Hobaugh Amanda Jo
- Tanenhaus David Spinoza
- Theising Andrew James
- Thomas Larissa Ann
- Thomas Robert S
- Thomas Robert S
- Thompson Maris Rachel
- Tizon Orlando P
- Todd-Breland Elizabeth Shana
- Torphy Stefanie Ann
- Torphy Stefanie Ann
- Towns John
- Trubitt Mary Beth D
- Tsenes-Hills Temple Bryonny
- Turner Felicity
- Vactor Vanita Marian
- Vaillant Derek Wightman
- Van Horn Robert D
- Velazquez Mirelsie
- Velazquez Mirelsie
- Venkatesh Sudhir Alladi
- Vosmeier Matthew N
- Waisala Wendy Ellen
- Waite Lori Gail
- Waldron Caroline Anne
- Waldron-Merithew Caroline Anne
- Walker Janelle L
- Wang Qingling
- Washington Sylvia Hood
- Washington Sylvia Hood
- Watson Robert Joseph
- Watson Robert Joseph
- Wegner Kathryn L
- Weight Donovan Stoddard
- Wells Joshua J
- Westhoff Laura Marie
- Wheeler Kenneth H
- White Janet Ruth
- White Janet Ruth
- Williams Jakobi Emon
- Williamson Joy Ann
- Willrich Michael
- Wolcott David Bryan
- Wolf Jacqueline H
- Wolf Jacqueline H
- Wooters Donald Joe
- Wooters Donald Joe
- Woten Rick L
- Woten Rick L
- Yood Charles Nelson
- Young Paul Clinton
- Young Paul Clinton
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Yue
- Zimmerman Jeffrey Allen
- Publication venue
- 'University of Illinois Press'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2013
- Field of study
Recommended from our members
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
- Afework Sarah
- Ahmad Nina
- Akamine Christine
- Ake Julie A.
- Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.
- Albert Gary
- Alcaide Maria L.
- Alderson Nathan
- Aleman Lily
- Alemán José O.
- Allaw Mohammed
- Alva E. Javier Pretell
- Alvarado Hilario
- Amador Carmen
- Andersen James
- Anderson Corey G.
- Anderson Evan J.
- Anderson Victoria R.
- Andes David R.
- Andrasik Michele P.
- Andree Stephanie
- Andrews Jeb
- Andriesen Jessica G.
- Andriulis Victoria
- Ansel Jessica L.
- Anthony Codi M.
- Antwi Mohammed
- Arduino Roberto C.
- Aristy Florida
- Arnold Valerie K.
- Arrazcaeta Alicia
- Atmar Robert L.
- Avworo Ayoade
- Bacher Christina
- Baden Lindsey R.
- Badillo Diana
- Bainbridge Emma
- Baka Michele
- Baker Sherrie
- Balani Bindu
- Ball Brandy
- Bances Karla Beatriz Tafur
- Baron Mira
- Barranco-Santana Elizabeth
- Bartilucci Darlene
- Bashour Jennifer
- Batteiger Teresa A.
- Baudelaire Clarisse
- Bazan Jose A.
- Becerra Maria G.
- Becker Teresa
- Beckmann David
- Bedimo Roger J.
- Belhorn Linda R.
- Benavides Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros
- Beninati Genevieve
- Benitez Jorge A.
- Bennett Annette R.
- Bennett Elizabeth
- Beresnev Tatiana
- Berman Megan
- Bermudez Maria I.
- Bernard Marcia
- Bernstein David I.
- Berry Andrea
- Berry Jennifer
- Berthaud Vladimir
- Bialobok Kristin
- Billings Joanne L.
- Bittner Zachary
- Blevins Jeanne
- Blumenthal Jill
- Boas Rebecca
- Bocchini Joseph
- Bold Tyler D.
- Bondell Alison
- Bondy Paul
- Borger Judith
- Borgetti Scott
- Boscia Joseph
- Boswell Dean M.
- Bourgeois Tana
- Bowers Maggie
- Bradley Paul S.
- Brady Judith
- Brakema Riemke
- Bran Andres
- Branche Angela R.
- Brandenburg Boerries
- Brandon Donald M.
- Bravo Eric
- Briskin Toby
- Broder Gail
- Brosz Adam B.
- Browder David
- Browder Lesley
- Brown Cynthia
- Brown Jeremy
- Brownlee Robert
- Bruce Elizabeth
- Bueno Cynthia
- Bullock Delia
- Bunce Catherine A.
- Burch Cortney
- Burgett Michelle L.
- Burgher Abram
- Butcher Michael B.
- Buynak Robert J.
- Bäcker Martín
- Cade LaShondra
- Calderon Rafael
- Calderone Richard
- Caldwell Amy
- Calinescu Cornell
- Call Robert S.
- Callis Jim
- Camacho-Gonzalez Andres
- Campbell Thomas B.
- Campbell Wesley
- Cancilla Michael
- Cannon Kevin D.
- Cantos Valeria D.
- Carmody Ellie
- Carpenter Christopher
- Carr Melissa
- Carrascal Monica B.
- Carsons Steven E.
- Carvajal Marianela
- Casey Denise
- Caso Jorge
- Castellino Flora
- Castellon Marvin
- Castro Mario
- Catan Hannah
- Cavert Winston
- Chacón Jorge A.
- Chadwick Mesha M.
- Chamberlain Amy
- Chan Austin
- Chang Jennifer
- Chebib Mouna G.
- Chen Corey M.
- Cheng Margaret
- Cho Iksung
- Choquette Karin
- Chouteau R. Michelle
- Chow Brian D.W.
- Choza Laura Julia Camacho
- Chrisley Lisa
- Christensen Shane G.
- Chu Hanh
- Chu Laurence
- Chughtai Waseem
- Chung Michael
- Ciambruschini Annie
- Cicogna Cristina
- Clarence B. Creech I I
- Clark Alexander
- Clark Jesse L.
- Claybrook Phillip
- Clement Andrea
- Clement Lauren
- Clemons Steve
- Cohen Lisa
- Cohen Stuart H.
- Coleman Jacob
- Colindres Roberto A. Viau
- Connor Joseph P.
- Conway James H.
- Cooksey Erin
- Coombs Robert W.
- Cooney Maureen
- Cooper Deanna
- Coplan Paul
- Corey Lawrence
- Cornelison Raymond
- Corral Barbara
- Coslet Jordan
- Coston Erin
- Cotugno Michael J.
- Cramer Paul
- Cromer Charnell
- Cross Marshall A.
- Cruz-Valdez Aurelio
- Curlin Marcel
- Curry LaKondria
- Custers Jerome
- Cutz Erika A.
- DallaPiazza Michelle
- Dandachi Dima
- Danford Elizabeth
- Dang Lyly
- Daniels Stephen
- Davis Joseph D.
- Davis Matthew G.
- Davis William B.
- Davis Yvonne
- Davit Rajesh K.
- de Groot Anne Marit
- De La Cruz Luis I.
- De La Matta Rodriguez Claudia
- De Proost Ian
- Dedon Christopher
- Dedon Jon F.
- Deese Teresa
- Degan Emily
- DeHaan Elliot
- del Rio Carlos
- Delgado Ernesto
- Delgado Michael
- Delgado Mike
- Dellaero David
- Denham Douglas S.
- Desai Chinar
- Desai Parul
- Desjardins Michael
- Deutsch Karen
- Dever Michael E.
- Devine Naomi
- Dickey Michelle
- Diemert David J.
- Dietz Craig
- Doblecki-Lewis Susanne
- Domínguez Sandra Janeth Ortega
- Dong Jennifer L.
- Dora Tambra
- Dorcely Brenda
- Doust Matthew W.
- Downing Frances
- Dube Michael P.
- Dubovsky Filip
- Ducheneaux Pete
- Duhart Aeiress
- Duke Elizabeth
- Dunbar Debora
- Dunbar Haoua
- Duncanson Daniel
- Dunkle Lisa M.
- Dunlevy Hillary
- Duran Adriana Sordo
- Dye Amy
- Dyer Carmel B.
- Dzigiel Sarah
- Díaz-Miralrio Secia
- Easley Mary
- Eaton Niles
- Ebuh Georgette
- Ebuh Valentine M.
- Eckert Lynn
- Eckhardt Benjamin
- Eder Frank S.
- Edupuganti Srilatha
- Edward M. Tavel Jr
- Edwards Leslie A.
- Eickhoff Mark
- El Sahly Hana M.
- Ellerbeck Edward
- Ellsworth Grant
- Elnagar Elwaleed
- Engler Victoria
- Enright Kendra
- Ensz David J.
- Eppenbach Sally
- Erickson Sandra
- Eron Joseph J.
- Escallon Sebastian Garcia
- Esinhart Tiffany
- Espinosa Claudia
- Essink Brandon J.
- Estrada Denisse Alejandra González
- Everette Elizabeth
- Ewers Evan C.
- Ewing Beverly
- Falk Amy
- Falsey Ann R.
- Fas Norberto
- Fay Michael
- Fearon Szheckera
- Feijoo Brittany
- Feldman Gregory J.
- Felsen Uriel R.
- Fentanes María José Reyes
- Fichtenbaum Carl
- Fiel Tom
- Fierro Carlos A.
- Finkelstein Kenneth
- Finley Jon
- Fiorillo Suzanne
- Fitz-Patrick David
- Florescu Diana F.
- Flume Patrick
- Fogarty Charles M.
- Foley Jennifer
- Follmann Dean
- Folmar Pink
- Folsom Lyndsea
- Fong Youyi
- Ford Stacy
- Forero Lina M.
- Forgosh Les B.
- Formentini Elizabeth
- Fouts Rhodna
- Fragoso Veronica G.
- Franco-Vitteri Doris
- Frank Ian
- Frederick Raiser III
- Freeman George H.
- Freese Lena R.
- Freudemann Karen
- Frey Sharon E.
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- Wahlin Tami
- Wakefield Paul H.
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- Walker James
- Walker Shannon
- Walsh Edward E.
- Walsh Mary C.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walter Emmanuel B.
- Walters Ayanna
- Wang Tina
- Warden Ashley
- Waters Michael
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- Webb Angella
- Webster Hala
- Weidler Jessica L.
- Weiss Thomas
- Wells Margaret
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendrow Andrea
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- Whatley Jordan L.
- Whitaker Jennifer A.
- White Jewel J.
- White Julie
- White Toni
- Wijewardane Priyantha N.
- Wilkin Timothy
- Wilkinson Bethanie
- William S. Davis Jr
- Williams Barton G.
- Williams Hayes
- Williams Samantha
- Wilson Christine
- Wilson Clint
- Wilson Greg
- Wilson Natasha
- Winbigler Jennifer
- Winkle Peter J.
- Winokur Patricia L.
- Witbeck John
- Wohl David
- Woo Wayne
- Woodside Leana
- Wortman Glenn
- Wu Yi H.
- Wylie Paul E.
- Yang Fan
- Yang Kinara S.
- Yoon Anelgine C.
- York Jill
- Young Cheryl
- Yu Chenchen
- Yusin Joseph
- Zapata Luz
- Zash Rebecca
- Zegarra Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena
- Zemanek Arthur L.
- Zenlea Kate
- Zepeda Karla
- Zervos Marcus J.
- Zhai Nan
- Zhang Kevin
- Zhou James
- Zimmer Andrea
- Zingman Barry S.
- Zorrilla Carmen D.
- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
- Andres Bran
- Andres Camacho-Gonzalez
- Andrew Lauria
- Andrew McConnell
- Andrew McWilliams
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Angela Lee
- Angela R. Branche
- Angelica Kottkamp
- Angella Webb
- Ann M. Milliken
- Ann R. Falsey
- Anna S. Lok
- Anna Wald
- Anne Marit de Groot
- Anne-Marie Rick
- Annette R. Bennett
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Annie Luetkemeyer
- Anthony Kim
- Anum Abbas
- Anyela Lara
- April Pixler
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Asha Inniss
- Ashley Kennedy
- Ashley Perez
- Ashley Warden
- Asif Noor
- Atoya Adams
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdez
- Austin Chan
- Austin Swanson
- Ayanna Walters
- Ayoade Avworo
- Bailey Jordan
- Barbara Corral
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara S. Taylor
- Barry S. Zingman
- Barton G. Williams
- Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Becky Martinez
- Ben Ladner
- Benjamin Eckhardt
- Benjamin J. Luft
- Bernard Grunstra
- Beth Safirstein
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Beverly E. Sha
- Beverly Ewing
- Bindu Balani
- Blanca Gomez
- Bo Shopsin
- Boerries Brandenburg
- Brandie Taylor
- Brandon J. Essink
- Brandy Ball
- Breanz Watkins
- Brenda Dorcely
- Brendan Levy
- Brett Gray
- Brett Leav
- Brian D.W. Chow
- Brit Sovic
- Brittany Feijoo
- Brittany Stewart
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Bruce McClenathan
- Bruno Valenti
- Bryan Gordon
- C. Mary Healy
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Caitlin Moran
- Candace Smith
- Candice Montros
- Carina A. Rodriguez
- Carl Fichtenbaum
- Carl P. Griffin
- Carlos A. Fierro
- Carlos del Rio
- Carlos Lopez
- Carlos Malvestutto
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Carmen A. Paez
- Carmen Amador
- Carmen D. Zorrilla
- Carmen Medina
- Carol Ann Linebarger
- Carol Kauffman
- Carol L. Mitchell
- Carolene Stephenson
- Caroline Greene
- Carolyn Scatamacchia
- Carolyn Tran
- Carrie Johnston
- Carrie Sopher
- Catherine A. Bunce
- Catherine Mary Healy
- Catherine Q. Gular
- Cathy Laflan
- Cecilia McKeown-Bragas
- Celia Gonzalez
- Celia Maxwell
- Charles Harper
- Charles M. Fogarty
- Charlotte-Paige Rolle
- Charnell Cromer
- Chelsea Miles
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chen S. Tan
- Chenchen Yu
- Cheryl Nuss
- Cheryl Young
- Chimeremma Nnadi
- Chinar Desai
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Christina A. Rostad
- Christina Bacher
- Christina Kennelly
- Christine Akamine
- Christine B. Turley
- Christine Hull
- Christine Wilson
- Christopher Carpenter
- Christopher Dedon
- Christopher Galloway
- Christopher Matich
- Christy Schmeck
- Christy Sweet
- Clarence B. Creech II
- Clarisse Baudelaire
- Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez
- Claudia Espinosa
- Claudio Nuñez Lagos
- Clint C. Guillory
- Clint Wilson
- Codi M. Anthony
- Colleen F. Kelley
- Colleen Jacobsen
- Connie Moya
- Cora Sonnier
- Corey G. Anderson
- Corey M. Chen
- Cornell Calinescu
- Corrina Pavetto
- Cortney Burch
- Cory J. Huffine
- Craig Dietz
- Cristina Cicogna
- Crystal Rowell
- Cynthia Becher Strout
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- Stephen Daniels
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- Stephen R. Walsh
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- Steven Palmer
- Steven Shinn
- Steven Shoptaw
- Steven Sperber
- Stuart H. Cohen
- Surisday Mederos
- Susan Jeanfreau
- Susan Kline
- Susan L. Koletar
- Susan Parker
- Susanne Doblecki-Lewis
- Suzanna Studdard
- Suzanne Fiorillo
- Suzanne Gharib
- Suzanne Swan
- Sybil G. Hosek
- Szheckera Fearon
- Tamara Richards
- Tambra Dora
- Tameika Scott
- Tami Wahlin
- Tammi L. Shlotzhauer
- Tana Bourgeois
- Tanya Hutchins
- Taryn Petty
- Tatiana Beresnev
- Tavane Harrison
- Taylor Nelson
- Teletha Gipson
- Teresa A. Batteiger
- Teresa Becker
- Teresa Deese
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- Terri Moye
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- Terry L. Poling
- Terry Piedra
- Theresa Hegmann
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- Thomas C.S. Martin
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- Tiffany Esinhart
- Tiffany Nemecek
- Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt
- Tilly Varughese
- Timothy J. Hatlen
- Timothy P. Vachris
- Timothy Shope
- Timothy W. Schacker
- Timothy Wilkin
- Tina Tong
- Tina Wang
- Toby Briskin
- Todd Simmons
- Tom Fiel
- Toni Robinson
- Toni White
- Tracy Okonya
- Tracy R. Klein
- Trina L. Reynolds
- Troy Holdeman
- Tyler D. Bold
- Uriel R. Felsen
- Valentine M. Ebuh
- Valeria D. Cantos
- Valerie K. Arnold
- Vanessa Abad
- Vanessa Raabe
- Veronica G. Fragoso
- Veronica Garcia-Fragoso
- Veronica Procasky
- Veronica Viar
- Vicki E. Miller
- Vickie Leathers
- Victoria Andriulis
- Victoria Engler
- Victoria Mosteller
- Victoria R. Anderson
- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
- Vincent Huynh
- Vincent Mirkil
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Viviana Gonzalez
- Vladimir Berthaud
- Walter Patton
- Wanda Ramon
- Waseem Chughtai
- Wayne L. Harper
- Wayne Woo
- Wendell Lewis
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Wesley Campbell
- Wesley Van Ever
- Westly Keating
- Whitney West
- Will Hernandez
- William B. Davis
- William B. Smith
- William H. Jones
- William Jennings
- William Kirby
- William P. Silver
- William R. Hartman
- William S. Davis Jr.
- William Schnitz
- William Seger
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health