Non-Repudiation In Web Services.

A web service is a set-of-.programmable functions that could be invoked protocols, and consumed through some internet The design of Web services has been plagued with security flaws. Web services invocations could be executed on the fly with the invokers remain anonymous

Receiver-Oriented 'Pull' Model For ResettaNet Trade Documents Interchange.

A major challenge in integrating trading partners' processes is effective document interchange. Traditional business-to-business (B2B) process integration is based on a 'Push' model through which documents are pushed from the senders to the receivers, as in emailing and electronic data interchange

'Push' and 'Pull' Modeling In RosettaNet's Business-To -Business e-Commerce Partner Interface Processes.

This paper analyses and compares the performances of Business-to-Business e-Commerce data quality and service quality among the use of the 'Push' model, the ,pult' model and the 'Push and Pull' model. As in other Business to-Business standard and technologies, the RosettaNet's Partner Interface processes attempt to enhance the business document interchange efficiency, which is a critical success factor among the trading partners in the small and medium-sized industries

'Push' and 'Pull' Modeling for RosettaNet’s PIPs

This paper analyses and compares the performances of Business-to-Business e-Commerce data quality and service quality among the use of the ‘Push’ and ‘Pull’ models. RosettaNet’s original Partner Interface Processes use the ‘Push’ model which suffers from data redundancy when the volume of business-to-business transaction increases. However, when the ‘Pull’ model is used, although it reduces data redundancy, it has a greater chance of not getting the latest updates. It is then argued that if the ‘Push’ and ‘Pull’ models are combined, the resulting model would further enhance the overall trade document interchange performance with improved data quality and greater personalizability, especially among the smaller non-Electronics industries

Knowledge profiling for social networking news releases

This paper presents a case study of the news item categorization for a social networking mashup.Since it is time consuming to develop the hierarchical news categories on an iterative and incremental basis using a conventional knowledge mapping approach, an alternative approach is derived by using the Subject Reference System (SRS) guidelines as the reference for categorizing various types of news releases.With the ulterior aim of enabling automatic generation of knowledge maps, this research project adopts only a manual process for the creation of knowledge profile entries, which would then form the input references for future automatic generation of knowledge maps.The approach for transforming a news item to a knowledge profile entry involves some computer-assisted extraction of keywords, which is then linked to the Subject Reference System (SRS) guidelines repository for ease of knowledge profiling.It is argued that the alternative knowledge profiling approach is easier and more efficient than a manufacturing-oriented conventional approach, because the knowledge ontology and validation of news releases have already been proven and accepted by a large community of news agencie

Lack of PD-L1 Expression by iNKT Cells Improves the Course of Influenza A Infection

There is evidence indicating that invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in defense against influenza A virus (IAV). However, the effect of inhibitory receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligands, programmed death ligand (PD-L) 1 and 2 on iNKT cells in protection against IAV remains to be elucidated. Here we investigated the effects of these co-stimulatory molecules on iNKT cells in the response to influenza. We discovered that compare to the wild type, PD-L1 deficient mice show reduced sensitivity to IAV infection as evident by reduced weight loss, decreased pulmonary inflammation and cellular infiltration. In contrast, PD-L2 deficient mice showed augmented weight loss, pulmonary inflammation and cellular infiltration compare to the wild type mice after influenza infection. Adoptive transfer of iNKT cells from wild type, PD-L1 or PD-L2 deficient mice into iNKT cell deficient mice recapitulated these findings. Interestingly, in our transfer system PD-L1−/−-derived iNKT cells produced high levels of interferon-gamma whereas PD-L2−/−-derived iNKT cells produced high amounts of interleukin-4 and 13 suggesting a role for these cytokines in sensitivity to influenza. We identified that PD-L1 negatively regulates the frequency of iNKT cell subsets in the lungs of IAV infected mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate that lack of PD-L1 expression by iNKT cells reduces the sensitivity to IAV and that the presence of PD-L2 is important for dampening the deleterious inflammatory responses after IAV infection. Our findings potentially have clinical implications for developing new therapies for influenza

Differential effects of bile acids on the postprandial secretion of gut hormones: a randomized crossover study.

Bile acids (BA) regulate postprandial metabolism directly and indirectly by affecting the secretion of gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The postprandial effects of BA on the secretion of other metabolically active hormones are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oral ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on postprandial secretion of GLP-1, oxyntomodulin (OXM), peptide YY (PYY), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon, and ghrelin. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent a mixed meal test 60 min after ingestion of UDCA (12-16 mg/kg), CDCA (13-16 mg/kg), or no BA in a randomized crossover study. Glucose, insulin, GLP-1, OXM, PYY, GIP, glucagon, ghrelin, and fibroblast growth factor 19 were measured prior to BA administration at -60 and 0 min (just prior to mixed meal) and 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after the meal. UDCA and CDCA provoked differential gut hormone responses; UDCA did not have any significant effects, but CDCA provoked significant increases in GLP-1 and OXM and a profound reduction in GIP. CDCA increased fasting GLP-1 and OXM secretion in parallel with an increase in insulin. On the other hand, CDCA reduced postprandial secretion of GIP, with an associated reduction in postprandial insulin secretion. Exogenous CDCA can exert multiple salutary effects on the secretion of gut hormones; if these effects are confirmed in obesity and type 2 diabetes, CDCA may be a potential therapy for these conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Oral CDCA and UDCA have different effects on gut and pancreatic hormone secretion. A single dose of CDCA increased fasting secretion of the hormones GLP-1 and OXM with an accompanying increase in insulin secretion. CDCA also reduced postprandial GIP secretion, which was associated with reduced insulin. In contrast, UDCA did not change gut hormone secretion fasting or postprandially. Oral CDCA could be beneficial to patients with obesity and diabetes

A Systematic Review of Patients’ Values, Preferences, and Expectations for the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Renal cancer associated with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is a rare genodermatosis characterized by hair follicle hamartomas, renal tumors and spontaneous pneumothorax. We present the case of a patient with pulmonary cysts and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. She had typical skin lesions, and was found to have a hybrid oncocytoma which was surgically excised.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 60-year-old Caucasian woman had a 10-year history of cystic lung disease and recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces. She was noted to have papular lesions over her face and forehead. The result of a biopsy showed these lesions to be fibrofolliculomas. A diagnosis of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome was made and she was screened for renal tumors since these are a recognized association. A hybrid oncocytoma was detected which was surgically excised by partial nephrectomy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is important to consider a possible diagnosis of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome in cases of recurrent pneumothorax. Affected individuals must be screened for renal tumors, a potentially lethal consequence of this syndrome.</p

Effect of hyperglycemia on mortality rates in critically ill children

Purpose : To verify the effect of hyperglycemia on mortality rates in critically ill children and to identify the blood glucose level that influences prognosis. Methods : From July 2006 to June 2008, a total of 206 patients who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Asan Medical Center and who survived for more than 7 days were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the maximum glucose value within 7 days in PICU, PRISM-III score and SOFA score within 24 hours, and mortality. We did not perform an adjustment analysis of drugs affecting glucose level. Results : The maximum glucose level within 7 days in PICU was higher in the nonsurvival group than in the survival group. Using 4 cutoff values (125, 150, 175, and 200 mg&#47;dL), the mortality of patients with hyperglycemia was found to be 13.0 &#37;, 14.4&#37;, 19.8&#37;, and 21.1&#37;, respectively, and the cutoff values of 175 and 200 mg&#47;dL revealed significant differences in mortalities between the hyperglycemic and normoglycemic groups. The PRISM-III score was not significantly different between the hyperglycemic and normoglycemic groups under a glucose cutoff value of 175 mg&#47;dL, but the SOFA score was higher in the hyperglycemic group. Under a glucose cutoff value of 200 mg&#47;dL, the PRISM-III score was higher in the hyperglycemic group, and the SOFA score did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusion : Hyperglycemia with a maximal glucose value ?#241;75 mg&#47;dL during the first 7 days after PICU admission was associated with increased mortality in critically ill children