Application of the stages of change model to dairy consumption among students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences

زمینه و هدف: الگوی مراحل تغییر در برخی از مطالعات به منظور شناخت مراحل تغییر رژیم غذایی به کار رفته است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی کاربرد الگوی مراحل تغییر برای مصرف لبنیات در دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی 423 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد در سال 1390 بررسی شدند. نمونه گیری به روش تصادفی خوشه ای دو مرحله ای انجام شد. جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه 3 بخشی استفاده شد که شامل اطلاعات دموگرافیک، پرسشنامه استاندارد بسامد مصرف غذایی (FFQ) و پرسشنامه استاندارد مراحل تغییر بود. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای-اسکوئر، من ویتنی، کروسکال والیس و رگرسیون لجستیک در نرم افزار SPSS آنالیز شدند. یافته ها: میانگین سنی دانشجویان 3/3 ± 1/22 سال (با دامنه 35-18 سال) بود. 4/67 آن ها مونث و 21 متاهل بودند. بیشترین و کمترین فراوانی مصرف لبنیات به ترتیب مربوط به پنیر و کشک بود. اکثر دانشجویان (1/78) روزانه سهم کافی از لبنیات مصرف نمی کردند. در دانشجویان مجرد نسبت به افراد متاهل سهم مصرف روزانه لبنیات بیشتر بود (05/0>P). بررسی مصرف لبنیات بر اساس الگوی مراحل تغییر نشان داد که اکثر دانشجویان (1/24) در مرحله تفکر و کمترین آن ها در مرحله پیش از تفکر (4/10) بودند. 6/54 از دانشجویان در مراحل قبل از عمل (پیش از تفکر، تفکر و آمادگی) و 4/45 در مراحل بعد از عمل (اقدام و نگهداری) برای ایجاد تغییر بودند. نتیجه گیری: از نظر مدل فرا تئوری یا مراحل تغییر، بیشتر دانشجویان مورد بررسی در مراحل قبل از عمل به ویژه مرحله تفکر قرار داشتند همچنین اکثر دانشجویان سهم کافی از لبنیات مصرف نمی کردند؛ لذا این تئوری می تواند برای طراحی مداخلاتی جهت افزایش مصرف لبنیات در این گروه از جمعیت مناسب باشد

Effectiveness of an educational program on mothers’ knowledge about iron deficiency anemia

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia(IDA) is the most common type of malnutrition in the world andmore than 30 percent of Iranian women suffering from that. Increasing of knowledge with education ofpopulation can be an effective program to preventing this problem. The aim of this study was to determinethe effectiveness of education on mother's knowledge about preventive methods of iron deficiency anemia.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study as before and after study, 336 students’mothers from 8 schools of Tehran participated in 2011 year. The knowledge about IDA before and aftereducation was gathered by a researcher made questionnaire. The educational contents were presented as alecture in 45 minutes.Results: The knowledge score of participants increased after education in all of understudy subjects andthe significant difference was seen between the mean knowledge score before and after study (p<0.0001).There was significant and positive correlation between mothers’ educational level and the program effect(r=0.169, P<0.002) and negative correlation between number of children with program effect (r= -0.140,P<0.007). There weren’t any significant association between educational program effectiveness withmother’s age and her occupation, father’s age and his occupation and children educational level.Conclusion: This study indicated that educational program even a short-term training is an effectiveknowledge strategy to promoting mothers’ knowledge about IDA

The Study of Oils Consumption Pattern and Its Related Factors in east Tehran

Background & Objective: Inappropriate use of fat in diets is a significant risk factor that can cause cardiovascular diseases, morbidity, and mortality in the world. This study was designed to determine the fat consumption pattern in east Tehran habitants. Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study 500 east Tehran habitants were evaluated. Data was collected by a questionnaire designed by the authors of the present study. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in a pilot study. The Data was analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The average of family members was 3.9±1.4. The highest amount ofoil consumed was that of solid candy oil, while The lowest was animal oil. For cooking, 36.8% and 31% of samples were using liquid oil and solid candy oil, respectively. For fraying 33.8%, 20%, 32.4% of samples were using liquid oil, solid candy oil and frying oil, respectively. a relationship was found between higher educational level and mothers working out of the house and higher consumption of liquid oil, fraying oil and olive oil (p<0.001). High age, housekeeper mothers and higher family span were associated with the higher consumption of solid oils, butter and ghee (p<0.02). Conclusion: This study revealed that the significant portion of daily oil consumption of Tehran habitants consist of solid oils. It seems to be necessary to organize proper training programs to increase social awareness about the hazards of solid saturated fats

Estimating the month-specific effect of complementary food on weight loss occurrence rate in less than 2 years old children

Introduction: Weight loss in children is one of the health problems that could occur several times for achild; therefore it is categorized as a recurrent event. In this study, we investigated the weight loss riskfactors firstly by using proportional rates model and then by applying time-dependent coefficient ratesmodel.Materials and Methods: In this study, the information of 1673 babies who were born in 2006 or 2007and were visited for monthly check ups at Tehran east health centers during their first two years of life wereincluded in the analysis. We first fitted the standard proportional rates model to this data with the purposeof determining weigh loss major risk factors. After adjusting these factors, the month-specific effect ofcomplementary foods on weight loss occurrence rate was explored using time-varying coefficient ratesmodel.Results: Our findings showed that the risk of weight loss gets heightened as with the increase in theintake of complementary foods. This negative effect is likely to be the most between 9 and 11 months ofage and then tends to weaken as the baby grows older. The results of Wald-type statistic showed that theimpact of complementary food on the occurrence of weight loss is significantly different with respect to thechild ‘age (P<0.001).Conclusion: Considering the variability of the effect of complementary food on the occurrence of weightloss, time-varying coefficient rates model can give more appropriate estimation of this effect thanproportional rates model

Effect of Oral Supplementation of Zinc on Treatment of Otitis Media With Effusion

Objective:To determine the effect of oral zinc sulfate supplementation given with   coamoxiclav when compared with coamoxiclav alone for treatment of otitis media   with effusion (OME). The efficacy of the drug was assessed 3 and 6 weeks after administration .   Methods: In a double-blind, randomized trial 4 to 14 years old children with OME   who referred to ear, nose and throat clinic, were randomly assigned into two groups :   1) Zinc group: Zinc sulfate + Coamoxiclav + Pseudoephedrine + Nacl nasal drop   2) Placebo group: Placebo + Coamoxiclav + Pseudoephedrine + Nacl nasal drop .   Atotal of 52 children were studied consisting zinc group 29 and placebo group 23   children. Children were examined by otoscopy and tympanometry at entry and after   3 weeks of treatment. For children who had not been cured completely after 3 weeks ,   treatment continued for more 3 weeks (total of 6 weeks ( .   Results: At the end of the first course of treatment (3 weeks) 62.1% of children in   the zinc group had clinical improvement compared with 43.5% of children in placebo   group. Tympanometrically, 70.9% of children in zinc group had improvement   compared with 65.5% for placebo group with no statistically significant difference .   There was no significant difference between the two groups at the end of second   course of treatment (6 weeks). But the response rate of zinc group was better than the   placebo group (43.8% versus 12.5% clinically and 56.3% versus 40% tympanometricall). Zinc dministration and cycles of treatment had no significant relationship.Conclusion: Although in this study oral zinc sulfate supplementation had not significant effect on treatment of OME, the response rate was better in zinc group compared to placebo group specially in longer administration . According to the findings, it seems more studies about oral zinc supplementation   in the treatment of OME is needed