Synergistic or antagonistic effects of probiotics and antibiotics-alone or in combination-on antimicrobial-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds

Background: Bacterial burn infections are one of the serious infections and since their treatment with antibiotics is very difficult, infection control in such wounds is very important. Therefore, methods should be sought to enhance the effects of antibiotics and also reduce the resistance to them. It seems that probiotics have antimicrobial features and are effective in wound healing. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating and comparing the antimicrobial effects of antibiotics and probiotics, as well as their combination on bacterial burn infections. Methods: Thirty clinically resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa species isolated from hospitalized patients with burn wounds were collected. Antibacterial activity of five antibiotics and 11 probiotic strains, and also their combination were evaluated by disk diffusion method. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: It was found that the effect of inhibitory zone in combination use of tetracycline + a probiotic strain was more than using the antibiotic and probiotic alone. Also, the current study found that among the probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v had the highest effect, although not significant, on resistant P. aeruginosa. The current study explained that the inhibitory effect of L. plantarum 299v was significantly higher than that of ciprofloxacin (P = 0.009). In addition, antibacterial activity of gentamicin + L. salivarius (ES1) was significantly higher compared with that of gentamicin + L. routeri (P = 0.01). Conclusions: The current study explained that probiotics had a useful potential inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogens. The study showed that in most cases, inhibitory zones of probiotics were greater than those of antibiotics as well as combination of antibiotic + probiotic. But, there was an exception in tetracycline, which had synergistic effect with probiotics. Conversely, in the cases of imipenem and chloramphenicol, addition of probiotics had antagonistic effects. Further studies are needed to describe different results. Therefore, it seems that the type of antibiotics and probiotics are important to create the synergistic or antagonistic effects. © 2018, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases

Co-Administration of Vitamins E and D3 on Spatial Learning and Memory of Hippocampal Formation of Rat Following Ethidium Bromide- Induced Demyelination

Background: The hippocampus as part of the limbic system has a major role in the formation of several types of memory including spatial memory. Cognitive and memory impairment have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by several studies and vitamins have antioxidant role for neuro-regeneration. The present study investigates the effects of combined administration of vitamins E and D3 on spatial learning and memory in the demyelinated hippocampus of rat following administration of ethidium bromide. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of chlorate hydrate. The animal head was fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus and 3 microliter of ethidium bromide was injected into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus for 7 days. Behavioral tests after intra-peritoneal administration of vitamin E (mg/kg100) and D3 (μg/kg5) were carried out. Animals were subjected to 5 days of training in the Morris water maze 4 days with the invisible platform to test spatial learning and the 5th day with the visible platform to test sensory-motor coordination. Results: The results showed that co-administration of vitamins E and D3 significantly decreased the total traveled distance to the platform compared to the lesion group. However, the indexes of escape latency and swimming speed did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: The co-administration of vitamins E and D3 slightly enhanced spatial learning and memory impairment probably through its neuro-protective effect in the hypocampus

Probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94: Cognitive function in demyelinated model

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the immune system that creates damage of Learning and memory in that. Using probiotic supplements is recommended for preventing MS disease and improving memory. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum (LP) and bifidobacterium B94 (BB94), on acquisition phase of spatial memory in the local demyelination of rats' hippocampus. Methods: In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into control, damage group and treatment groups. Treatment groups were including (LP) and (BB94). After the induction of demyelination by 3 μl of EB into the right dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in treatment groups, 1.5�108 probiotic bacteria were administered by gavage for 28 days. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p=0.05). Results: Findings demonstrated that injection of EB caused a significant increase in traveled distance (p < 0.01) and also escape latency (p < 0.05) compared with control group. Also, effect administrations of (LP) and (BB94) on traveled distance and escape latency were reviewed, and it was determined that administration of them do not cause significant reduction in the traveled distance compared with the lesion group. Also mentioned probiotics has no significant effect on swimming speed compared with lesion and saline groups. Conclusion: According to some studies, probiotics have a positive impact on improving the performance of spatial memory and learning, although the results of the current study could not indicate finality of this assumption . It seems that more researches is needed on this subject

Effect of Consuming Iodized Salt on Fertility Indices in Male Adult Rats

Introduction: Today about 27.4 percent of female 15-44 years and 1 percent of female in fertility age are affected by infertility. Iodine is a rare element that is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Concentration of the thyroid hormones in blood under the influence of iodine intake and changes in thyroid hormones levels interact with reproductive system. Today, all the people of Iran consuming iodized salt regardless of iodine status in their body. In this study according to high prevalence of the infertility among young couples, iodized salt intake on fertility in male rats were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study 20 male and 20 female adult Wistar rats were used. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Including the control group and treatment group that received iodine and female adult Wistar were fed with a regular diet. Five male rats from each group were killed at the end of the fourth weeks in order to evaluate the possible effect of iodized salt on sperm analysis and weight of testis. After a month, male and female rats were placed in pairs in separate cages and their offspring were investigated in terms of number, gender and health. Results: The result of this study showed that the number of healthy offspring of treated male rats was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Due to the negative effect of excessive iodine intake on fertility rate, it is recommended to couples to perform functional tests of their thyroid glands before intake of iodized salts

Wound Healing Effect of Aqueous Extract of Rhus Coriaria in Rat

Introduction: Wound healing is one of the most complicated biological events after birth that causes dead tissue replace with new one. Any defect in wound healing, can lead to chronic skin disorders causing severe loss of quality of life and even death. So far, a drug that could effectively promote and advance the natural process of wound healing in the body, has not been introduced. Treatment of wounds and burns, is still one major issue, even in developed countries. Due to importance and value of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on wound healing, and the presence of these activities in some medicinal plants, in this study, the healing effects of aqueous extract of &nbsp;Rhus coriaria fruit, was examined. &nbsp; Materials and Methods: After creating a full-thickness skin wound on the back of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats, they were randomly divided into three groups: treatment, control or positive control. After 24 hours, the treatment group received 0.5 gram of the fruit extract, the positive control group treated with 2%mupirocin ointment&nbsp; and the control group received no treatment. Wound healing rates were calculated on days 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 post-wounding and the wound tissues were harvested at 5, 10, and 15 days for histological and biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to determine the anti-oxidant and anti- inflamatory activity of the pklant extract. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS software. Results: The percentage of the wound contraction was significantly increased in days 10, 12 and 15 in the treated group compared to the control group(P<0.01). A significant increase in the assigned histological scores was observed at days 10 and 15&nbsp; in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.005 and P<0.05 respectively). This extract significantly decreased the MPO activity 10 days after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: These data provide evidence that Rhus coriaria extract accelerates cutaneous wound healing and its effect may be due to the increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and decreased MPO activity and oxidative damage in wound and so it can be used as a therapeutic agent for wound healing

The effect of calcium on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells in the presence of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius

Introduction: Oral pathogens are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. The adhesion of probiotic bacteria to epithelial cells plays an important role in inhibiting the growth and binding of pathogenic bacteria. We aim to investigate the effect of calcium carbonate on the binding of Streptococcus mutans to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells (HGECs) in the presence of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Salivarius. Methods and materials: Experiments are performed in the presence of calcium and probiotic bacteria and HGECs in duplicate and three times separately. The difference in the amount of Streptococcus mutans in HGECs is determined by the presence and absence of Lactobacillus plantarum or salivarius and calcium or both by dilution and culture procedures. Results: Simple effects analysis showed that the survival rate of HGECs in all doses was significantly higher than negatives (p < .001). The results indicated that the survival rate in the single dose of L. salivarius (0.617 ± 0.003) and L. plantarum (0.652 ± 0.002) was significantly higher than the combined doses. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates that calcium and probiotics from Lactobacillus salivarius and plantarum alone can improve the survival of HGECs in the presence of Streptococcus mutans. But the combined function of these therapeutic factors is not optimal and even reduces their therapeutic efficacy. © 202

Novel targets in rectal cancer by considering lncRNA�miRNA�mRNA network in response to Lactobacillus acidophilus consumption: a randomized clinical trial

We aimed to explore the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network in response to Lactobacillusacidophilus (L. acidophilus) consumption in rectal cancer patients. The candidate miRs were first taken from the GEO and TCGA databases. We constructed the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network using the high-throughput sequencing data. At last, we created a heatmap based on the experimental data to show the possible correlation of the selected targets. The expression levels of selected targets were measured in the samples of 107 rectal cancer patients undergoing placebo and probiotic consumption and 10 noncancerous subjects using Real-Time PCR. Our analysis revealed a group of differentially expressed 12 miRs and 11 lncRNAs, and 12 genes in rectal cancer patients. A significant expression increase of the selected tumor suppressor miRs, lncRNAs, and genes and a substantial expression decrease of the selected oncomiRs, onco-lncRNAs, and oncogenes were obtained after the probiotic consumption compared to the placebo group. There is a strong correlation between some network components, including miR-133b and IGF1 gene, miR-548ac and MSH2 gene, and miR-21 and SMAD4 gene. In rectal cancer patients, L.acidophilus consumption was associated with improved expression of the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network, which may provide novel monitoring and therapeutic approaches. © 2022, The Author(s)