Using a digital payment infrastructure for criminal incomes legalization: main trends

Objective: to identify the main trends in using the digital payment infrastructure for the legalization of criminal revenues. Methods: the methodological basis of the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, including analysis, synthesis, analogy and comparison.Results: assessing the law enforcement practice in the field of using the digital payment infrastructure for the legalization of criminal revenues and the activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of money laundering at the global level, the author identified and analyzed the following main trends: a) the convergence with the position of the group developing financial measures to combat money laundering in terms of regulation, despite the absence of uniform rules; b) the active inclusion into the sphere of criminal legislation of norms aimed at prohibiting the use of digital assets for money laundering;the problem of jurisdictions and the lack of supranational regulation mechanisms; d) the consolidation of law enforcement efforts and joint operations to curb criminal activity; e) the active use of the confiscation The author comes to the conclusion that the initiative of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement agencies to develop a mechanism for the confiscation of digital assets in the absence of positive regulation seems to be a very inaccurate solution, although determined by the objective circumstances and criminogenic situation.Scientific novelty: the study evaluates the law enforcement practice in the field under consideration and the activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of money laundering at the global level; it highlights the key trends in the use of digital payment infrastructure for money laundering.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used by legal scholars, legislators, lawyers and law enforcement officers in the development and improvement of mechanisms to counter the use of digital payment infrastructure for the legalization of criminal revenues

Concept of digital currencies of Central Banks: main risks in observing the requirements of AML (“Anti-Money Laundering”) and KYC (“Know Your Client”)

Objective: to research a new financial tool, namely, digital currencies of central banks, to analyze the essence of stablecoins as a new financial tool, and to assess the risks of non-compliance with the AML (“anti-money laundering”) and KYC (“know your customer”) requirements when stablecoins are distributed.Methods: the research used methods of system analysis, dialectical method and its derivatives, methods and principles of determinism, induction, deduction and hypothesis. Functional and statistical methods were used to systematize the obtained data.Results: digital currencies, though rejected by many states, are becoming more and more widely spread. In this regard, the concept of creating state-owned digital currencies is the most discussed one in the global financial community. In some countries, central banks are already testing them. However, their global spread has been impeded by concerns about the possibility of their use for criminal purposes. In the Russian Federation, where the state has currently no established position on the nature of digital financial assets, discussions are also underway on the possibility of creating an interstate digital currency. The article discusses the features and types of stablecoins and their advantages relative to other types of cryptocurrencies. The main advantages of the Central Bank’s digital currency and its application in accounting are considered. According to the study results, the main risks associated with the spread of state digital currencies were clarified.Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal science, the study evaluates the concept of digital currencies of central banks from the position of key risks that prevent their widespread distribution and implementation. The main risks in the field of countering money laundering and compliance with the KYC principle, which assumes the final beneficiary identification, are shown.Practical significance: the research results presented in the paper can be used to improve the state policy on the legalization of digital financial assets, including state digital currencies

Expression of the fiction in the material of "the catcher in the rye" by David Salinger and its translation into the Tatar language

The article considers the process of globalization and unification of the modern sciences into a new organized idea of using results of one scientific area in some different research. For example, in revising the peculiarities of translating Anglo-American fiction into the Tatar language we can refer to the different layers of the linguistics. In this article we observe the cooperation in such areas as comparative linguistics, typology, translation theory and the real modality. It points out the ways of direct transformation of the original fiction in English into the Tatar language, preserving the sours text colouring and expression and without any go-between languages like the Russian language. The article describes the process of transition of the original atmosphere and thoughts of the author within the source and target texts on the basis of different lexical and morphological units of the languages considered. The problem is an important one. The fact is that there is almost no Anglo- American fiction, which ever been directly and fully translated into the Tatar language and which can reflect the feelings and emotions of the author

Expression of the fiction in the material of "the catcher in the rye" by David Salinger and its translation into the Tatar language

The article considers the process of globalization and unification of the modern sciences into a new organized idea of using results of one scientific area in some different research. For example, in revising the peculiarities of translating Anglo-American fiction into the Tatar language we can refer to the different layers of the linguistics. In this article we observe the cooperation in such areas as comparative linguistics, typology, translation theory and the real modality. It points out the ways of direct transformation of the original fiction in English into the Tatar language, preserving the sours text colouring and expression and without any go-between languages like the Russian language. The article describes the process of transition of the original atmosphere and thoughts of the author within the source and target texts on the basis of different lexical and morphological units of the languages considered. The problem is an important one. The fact is that there is almost no Anglo- American fiction, which ever been directly and fully translated into the Tatar language and which can reflect the feelings and emotions of the author

On methods to legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the world

© BEIESP. In the modern digital age, the issues of using artificial intelligence and the field of development of intelligent technologies are extremely important and relevant. Over the past few years, there have been attempts of state regulation of artificial intelligence, both in Russia and in other countries of the world. Artificial intelligence poses new challenges to various areas of law: from patent to criminal law, from privacy to antitrust law. Among the current approaches, the most optimal is the creation of a separate legal regulation mechanism that creates a clear distinction between areas of responsibility of developers and users of systems with artificial intelligence and the technology itself. Today, the development of the legal framework for the existence of artificial intelligence can be conditionally divided into two approaches: the creation of a legal framework for the introduction of applied systems with artificial intelligence and stimulate their development; regulation of the sphere of creating artificial “super intelligence”, in particular, compliance of the developed technologies with generally recognized standards in the field of ethics and law. A separate area should be the introduction of uniform ethical principles for all developers and users of systems with artificial intelligence. The most optimal in this aspect is the approach implemented within the framework of the Asilomar principles. In these circumstances, the appeal to the problem of legal regulation of artificial intelligence is becoming more relevant than ever. This paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of existing approaches to the legal regulation of artificial intelligence

On methods to legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the world

© BEIESP. In the modern digital age, the issues of using artificial intelligence and the field of development of intelligent technologies are extremely important and relevant. Over the past few years, there have been attempts of state regulation of artificial intelligence, both in Russia and in other countries of the world. Artificial intelligence poses new challenges to various areas of law: from patent to criminal law, from privacy to antitrust law. Among the current approaches, the most optimal is the creation of a separate legal regulation mechanism that creates a clear distinction between areas of responsibility of developers and users of systems with artificial intelligence and the technology itself. Today, the development of the legal framework for the existence of artificial intelligence can be conditionally divided into two approaches: the creation of a legal framework for the introduction of applied systems with artificial intelligence and stimulate their development; regulation of the sphere of creating artificial “super intelligence”, in particular, compliance of the developed technologies with generally recognized standards in the field of ethics and law. A separate area should be the introduction of uniform ethical principles for all developers and users of systems with artificial intelligence. The most optimal in this aspect is the approach implemented within the framework of the Asilomar principles. In these circumstances, the appeal to the problem of legal regulation of artificial intelligence is becoming more relevant than ever. This paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of existing approaches to the legal regulation of artificial intelligence

Expression of the fiction in the material of "the catcher in the rye" by David Salinger and its translation into the Tatar language

The article considers the process of globalization and unification of the modern sciences into a new organized idea of using results of one scientific area in some different research. For example, in revising the peculiarities of translating Anglo-American fiction into the Tatar language we can refer to the different layers of the linguistics. In this article we observe the cooperation in such areas as comparative linguistics, typology, translation theory and the real modality. It points out the ways of direct transformation of the original fiction in English into the Tatar language, preserving the sours text colouring and expression and without any go-between languages like the Russian language. The article describes the process of transition of the original atmosphere and thoughts of the author within the source and target texts on the basis of different lexical and morphological units of the languages considered. The problem is an important one. The fact is that there is almost no Anglo- American fiction, which ever been directly and fully translated into the Tatar language and which can reflect the feelings and emotions of the author

Expression of the fiction in the material of "the catcher in the rye" by David Salinger and its translation into the Tatar language

The article considers the process of globalization and unification of the modern sciences into a new organized idea of using results of one scientific area in some different research. For example, in revising the peculiarities of translating Anglo-American fiction into the Tatar language we can refer to the different layers of the linguistics. In this article we observe the cooperation in such areas as comparative linguistics, typology, translation theory and the real modality. It points out the ways of direct transformation of the original fiction in English into the Tatar language, preserving the sours text colouring and expression and without any go-between languages like the Russian language. The article describes the process of transition of the original atmosphere and thoughts of the author within the source and target texts on the basis of different lexical and morphological units of the languages considered. The problem is an important one. The fact is that there is almost no Anglo- American fiction, which ever been directly and fully translated into the Tatar language and which can reflect the feelings and emotions of the author

IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA-CYTOMETRY IN CHILDHOOD ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

Distinct data concerning DNA cytometry of peripheral blood populations are relatively scarce, including oncopathological conditions. Among tasks of present work, we evaluated effects of malignancies upon functional state of peripheral blood cells and determination of correlations between cell ploidy, cell cycle kinetics and parameters of immune system

Experience of civil government of Russian federation subjects with institutions of civil society in the sphere of corruption counteraction

© BEIESP. The anti-corruption principles established by the legislation of Russia are represented by state cooperation with civil society institutions, international organizations and individuals. This work gives the author's interpretation of “civil society institution” concept. In order to disclose and implement the provisions of the law, they formulate the criteria to classify various associations of citizens as civil society institutions. The study describes the possible trends of joint activities of regional government bodies of the Russian Federation and civil society institutions on anti-corruption issues. According to the Decree of the President of Russia, specialized anti-corruption bodies have been created in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation-the commissions for coordination of efforts to combat corruption, which are endowed with serious powers described in the work. The composition of these commissions may include the representatives of public chambers, scientific and educational organizations, as well as public organizations whose statutory tasks is to participate in the fight against corruption. Such a solution makes it possible to increase the transparency of government body activities and improve public control over it. Based on the results of the work, they formulate main conclusions, proposals and recommendations for state bodies and civil society institutions. The thesis is proved that the principle of cooperation between the state and civil society institutions in the activities of the commissions for anti-corruption work coordination in a number of Russian regions is not implemented or is implemented formally. The statement is substantiated that the inclusion of civil society institution representatives in the commissions is often takes place on the basis of loyalty (“convenient sampling”)