Adaptation of the simulated evolution algorithm for wind farm layout optimization

Wind energy is a potential replacement for traditional, fossil-fuel-based power generation sources. One important factor in the process of wind energy generation is to design of the optimal layout of a wind farm to harness maximum energy. This layout optimization is a complex, NP-hard optimization problem. Due to the sheer complexity of this layout design, intelligent algorithms, such as the ones from the domain of natural computing, are required. One such effective algorithm is the simulated evolution (SE) algorithm. This paper presents a simulated evolution algorithm engineered to solve the wind farm layout design (WFLD)optimization problem. In contrast to many non-deterministic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization which operate on a population, the SE algorithm operates on a single solution, decreasing the computational time. Furthermore, the SE algorithm has only one parameter to tune as opposed to many algorithms that require tuning multiple parameters. A preliminary empirical study is done using data collected from a potential location in the northern region of Saudi Arabia. Experiments are carried out on a 10 × 10 grid with 15 and 20 turbines while considering turbines with a rated capacity of 1.5 MW. Results indicate that a simulated evolution algorithm is a viable option for the said problem

4-[(Anthracen-9-yl­methyl­idene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one

In the title compound, C26H21N3O, the phenyl ring of the 4-amino­anti­pyrine group and the heterocyclic five-membered ring along with its substituents, except for the N-bound methyl group (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0027 Å), form a dihedral angle of 54.20 (5)°. Two S(6) ring motifs are formed due to intra­molecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into supra­molecular chains along the a-axis direction via C—H⋯O contacts

2-[(2-Chloro­benzyl­idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C16H13ClN2S, the mean planes fitted through all non-H atoms of the heterocyclic five-membered and the benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 5.19 (7)°. In the crystal, a weak C—H⋯π inter­action occurs, along with weak π–π inter­actions [cenroid–centroid distance = 3.7698 (11) Å]

A methodology for flexibility analysis of pipeline systems

Pipeline systems serve a crucial role in an effective transport of fluids to the designated location for medium to long span of distances. Owing to its paramount economic significance, pipeline design field have undergone extensive development over the past few years for enhancing the optimization and transport efficiency. This research paper attempts to propose a methodology for flexibility analysis of pipeline systems through employing contemporary computational tools and practices. A methodical procedure is developed, which involves modeling of the selected pipeline system in CAESAR II followed by the insertion of pipe supports and restraints. The specific location and selection of the inserted supports is based on the results derived from the displacement, stress, reaction, and nozzle analysis of the concerned pipeline system. Emphasis is laid on the compliance of the design features to the leading code of pipeline transportation systems for liquid and slurries, ASME B31.4. The discussed procedure and approach can be successfully adjusted for the analysis of various other types of pipeline system configuration. In addition to the provision of systematic flow in analysis, the method also improves efficient time-saving practices in the pipeline stress analysis

(2Z)-2-(4-Methyl­phen­yl)-3-(2-naphth­yl)prop-2-enenitrile

In the title compound, C20H15N, the dihedral angle between the naphthalene and benzene rings is 60.30 (16)°. The crystal packing features very weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

Relativistic Quantum Games in Noninertial Frames

We study the influence of Unruh effect on quantum non-zero sum games. In particular, we investigate the quantum Prisoners' Dilemma both for entangled and unentangled initial states and show that the acceleration of the noninertial frames disturbs the symmetry of the game. It is shown that for maximally entangled initial state, the classical strategy C (cooperation) becomes the dominant strategy. Our investigation shows that any quantum strategy does no better for any player against the classical strategies. The miracle move of Eisert et al (1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 3077) is no more a superior move. We show that the dilemma like situation is resolved in favor of one player or the other.Comment: 8 Pages, 2 figures, 2 table

1-[(E)-(3,4-Dimethyl­isoxazol-5-yl)imino­meth­yl]-2-naphthol

The title Schiff base compound, C16H14N2O2, has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-amino-3,4-dimethyl­isoxazole and 2-hydr­oxy-1-naphthaldehyde. The dihedral angle between the isoxazole ring and the napthyl ring system is 3.29 (7)°. The mol­ecule adopts an E configuration about the central C=N double bond. Intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal structure, π–π inter­actions are observed involving the isoxazole ring and the substituted benzene ring of the naphthyl unit, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.5200 (10) Å

A Fast Constructive Algorithm For Fixed Channel Assignment Problem

With limited frequency spectrum and an increasing demand for mobile communication services, the problem of channel assignment becoems increasingly important. It has been shown that this problem is equivalent to the graph coloring problem, which is an NP-hard problem [1]. In this work, a fast constructive algorithm is introduced to solve the problem. THe objective of the algorithm is to obtain a conflict free channel assignment to cells which satisfies traffic demand requirements. THe algorithm was tested on several benchmarks problem, and conflict free results were obtained within one second. More, the quality of solution obtained was always same or better than the other reported techniques

Pyridinium 5-[(1,3-diethyl-6-hydr­oxy-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidin-5-yl)(2-methoxy­phen­yl)meth­yl]-1,3-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxopyrimidin-5-ide

1,3-Diethyl-2-thio­barbituric acid reacts with 2-anisaldehyde to form the Michael addition product 2-anisylbis(1,3-diethyl-2-thio­barbitur-5-yl)methanate, which crystallizes as the title pyridin­ium salt, C5H6N+·C24H29N4O5S2 −, when it reacts with the pyridine used to catalyse the reaction. There are two independent ion pairs in the crystal structure. The anion features a methine C atom connected to three six-membered rings; one of the rings carries a hydr­oxy group, which engages in hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl group belonging to another ring. The monoclinic unit cell emulates an ortho­rhom­bic unit cell, and is a twin with a minor twin component of 35%

5-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy­phen­yl)prop-2-enyl­idene]-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxohexa­hydro­pyrimidine-4,6-dione

1,3-Diethyl-2-thio­barbituric acid reacts with 2,5-dimethoxy­benzaldehyde to form the title Knoevenagel product, C19H22N2O4S. In the compound, the two six-membered rings at either end of the three-membered –CHCHCH– chain are nearly coplanar with this fragment (r.m.s. deviation of the two six-membered rings and the three chain atoms = 0.08 Å)