Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan

Higher Education is believed to be a very important determinant of economic growth. The growth can be optimized with a suitable combination of skills in various subjects. A mismatch between required combination of skills and available combination of skills carries heavy costs for developing economies since import of skill from foreign is much more in expensive for such economies. We compare skill shortage in Pakistan with the subjects choice of students recently enrolled in institutes of higher learning. We found that there is a mismatch between skill shortage and the enrollment trend. We propose that the Government should regulate recruitment of students into various subjects in order to create greater harmony between national needs and students enrollment.Subject Choice, Skill Shortage, National Needs

Prevention of neural tube defects By folic acid in pregnancy.

Pakistan is a developing country facing variety of challenges including maternal malnutrition and neonatal mortality. Globally Pakistan has the third highest neonatal mortality rate(1). Maternal malnutrition contributes to low birth weight neonates and birth anomalies. A study conducted in tertiary care hospital of Karachi catering to lower socioeconomic background showed 10.9% of birth defects to be of central nervous system. Maternal factor related to neural tube defects in same study showed 81.3 % mothers had not taken folic acid during pregnancy

Measuring Training Effectiveness: A Case Study Of Public Sector Project Management In Pakistan

Many organizations do invest precious resources on training and development but without examining how training interventions could effectively contribute in the achievement of organizational objectives, eventually resources are wasted. To yield desired level of performance, it is an imperative that organizations effectively plan, implement and evaluate their training interventions. Several authors have studied the training and development practices but most the studies lack any operational framework for diagnosing the training and development system. This study used Kunder’s (1998) indicators of training ineffectiveness and developed a framework for measuring effectiveness of training and diagnosing problems at various stages of training and development. We developed a questionnaire based on framework and collected data from 115 project directors to measure training effectiveness in project organizations in Pakistan. The study had found that on overall basis training practices are ineffective. Results reveal that there is a poor mechanism of evaluation of training and use of evaluation results. The framework developed by this study can be used in other organizations to measure training effectiveness and diagnose problems at various stages of training cycle

Surgical correction of aorto-pulmonary window: a rare and lethal cause of pulmonary hypertension

Aorto-pulmonary window is a relatively rare congenital cardiac malformation with an overall incidence of 0.1%. Pulmonary hypertension develops quickly if the lesion is left untreated hence early surgical intervention is warranted after diagnosis. The surgery for correction of APW has evolved over years, currently an open repair on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with a single patch technique yields good results. Mortality is affected by association of pulmonary hypertension and other cardiac malformations. We present a case of an infant with a large type II APW with a relatively low pulmonary vascular resistance. Hospital stay was complicated because of pulmonary arterial disease making it an important reason for correction in the first few months of life

Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan

Higher Education is believed to be a very important determinant of economic growth. The growth can be optimized with a suitable combination of skills in various subjects. A mismatch between required combination of skills and available combination of skills carries heavy costs for developing economies since import of skill from foreign is much more in expensive for such economies. We compare skill shortage in Pakistan with the subjects choice of students recently enrolled in institutes of higher learning. We found that there is a mismatch between skill shortage and the enrollment trend. We propose that the Government should regulate recruitment of students into various subjects in order to create greater harmony between national needs and students enrollment

Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan

Higher Education is believed to be a very important determinant of economic growth. The growth can be optimized with a suitable combination of skills in various subjects. A mismatch between required combination of skills and available combination of skills carries heavy costs for developing economies since import of skill from foreign is much more in expensive for such economies. We compare skill shortage in Pakistan with the subjects choice of students recently enrolled in institutes of higher learning. We found that there is a mismatch between skill shortage and the enrollment trend. We propose that the Government should regulate recruitment of students into various subjects in order to create greater harmony between national needs and students enrollment

Dual chamber pacemaker implants--a new opportunity in Pakistan for children with congenital and acquired complete heart block

Implantation of cardiac pacemakers has been practiced for at least five decades with continuous developments of the hardware. The invention of dual chamber pacemakers has initiated a debate concerning its superiority over single chamber ventricular pacemakers. Throughout the world, surgeons have been using dual chambered permanent pacemakers with successful follow ups. However, Pakistan has not yet taken the advantage of such pacemaker devices till now. We report three cases that underwent a dual chamber permanent pacemaker implantation for the first time in children less than 8 kg with successful follow ups

Hypertensive supratentorial intracerebral Hemorrhage: early surgery and functional Outcome; a tertiary care hospital experience from Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous supratentorialintracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high morbidity and mortality and places a significant burden on health and social services.The role and timing of operative neurosurgical intervention remain controversial and the practice and timing of surgery continue to be haphazard. METHODOLOGY: Our study was a descriptive study conducted at Civil hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Sample size was calculated. The sampling technique of our study was non probability. The data was collected and analyzed using spssvs 17. Data was observed for any descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: There were 38 males (63.3%) and 22 females (36.7%). The mean age of patients was 52.7 years. 36 patients (60%) had right hemispheric hemorrhage while 24 patients (40%) had left hemispheric hemorrhage. 48 patients (80%) had typical putaminal hemorrhage while 6 (5%) patients had subcortical and 6 (5%) occipital bleed. Regarding the improvement of neurological status, 16 patients (26%) were able to perform daily activities. 9 patients (15%) were able to take care of themselves at home while 07 patients (11%) required partial care. 10 patients (16%) were vegetative and 18 (30%) patients died. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that early evacuation of large hematoma resulted in short ICU and short hospital stay, less postoperative complications and overall good functional recovery particularly in middle aged and younger patients with non dominant hemispheric hemorrhage therefore early surgical intervention definitely has the role in the management of extensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Lefort 1 Access for Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Treated Without Angiographic Embolization.

To assess and analyze the clinical presentation of Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and analyze the complications associated with JNA resection without pre surgical embolization using LeFort 1

ARDL model as a remedy for spurious regression: problems, performance and prospectus

Spurious regression have performed a vital role in the construction of contemporary time series econometrics and have developed many tools employed in applied macroeconomics. The conventional Econometrics has limitations in the treatment of spurious regression in non-stationary time series. While reviewing a well-established study of Granger and Newbold (1974) we realized that the experiments constituted in this paper lacked Lag Dynamics thus leading to spurious regression. As a result of this paper, in conventional Econometrics, the Unit root and Cointegration analysis have become the only ways to circumvent the spurious regression. These procedures are also equally capricious because of some specification decisions like, choice of the deterministic part, structural breaks, autoregressive lag length choice and innovation process distribution. This study explores an alternative treatment for spurious regression. We concluded that it is the missing variable (lag values) that are the major cause of spurious regression therefore an alternative way to look at the problem of spurious regression takes us back to the missing variable which further leads to ARDL Model. The study mainly focus on Monte Carlo simulations. The results are providing justification, that ARDL model can be used as an alternative tool to avoid the spurious regression problem