Key research questions.

<p>Key research questions.</p

Univariate negative binomial regression models of 5-year overall, male and female HIV diagnoses rates.

<p>Univariate negative binomial regression models of 5-year overall, male and female HIV diagnoses rates.</p

Spearman correlations among independent covariates and overall, male, and female 5-year HIV diagnoses rates.

<p>Spearman correlations among independent covariates and overall, male, and female 5-year HIV diagnoses rates.</p

Drivers of onward HIV transmission from pre-incarceration to release in home communities.

<p>Drivers of onward HIV transmission from pre-incarceration to release in home communities.</p

Boxplots of 5-year HIV diagnoses rates by prison release category (low, medium, high)*.

<p>Boxplots of 5-year HIV diagnoses rates by prison release category (low, medium, high)*.</p

Boxplots of 5-year HIV male and female diagnosis rates by prison release category (low, medium, high)*.

<p>Boxplots of 5-year HIV male and female diagnosis rates by prison release category (low, medium, high)*.</p

Prevalence ratios comparing pooled HIV prevalence among men who engage in transactional sex to general population men aged 15 and older.

1<p>Among studies confirming HIV infection with a biological assay and among studies reporting ≥50 participants;</p>2<p>All prevalence ratios significant (<i>P</i><0.05) except for Bangladesh and Canada.</p><p>N = number of subjects; k = number of studies; I² = variation in pooled prevalence ratio due to heterogeneity; 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval.</p

Proportion of studies reporting individual factors that affect vulnerability to HIV by region, overall and specifically among men who engage in transactional sex.

1<p>Including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, human papilloma virus (HPV), and/or herpes simplex virus (HSV);</p>2<p>Risk factor reported among any population in the study (i.e., men who have sex with men);</p>3<p>Risk factor reported specifically among men who engage in transactional sex;</p>4<p>Fisher’s exact test comparing frequency of reporting factors by geographic region of study, overall and among men who report transactional sex.</p

Flow diagram of included studies.

<p>Flow diagram of included studies.</p

Pooled HIV prevalence by country among studies reporting biologically-confirmed HIV prevalence with a sample size of ≥50 (N = 66).

<p>Pooled HIV prevalence by country among studies reporting biologically-confirmed HIV prevalence with a sample size of ≥50 (N = 66).</p