Macropolyhedral boron-containing cluster chemistry. Cluster assembly about a molybdenum centre. Formation of the 19-vertex [(CO)(2)MoB16H15C2Ph2](-) anion

Fusion of nine-vertex [1-Ph-nido-1-CB8H11] with [Mo(CH3CN)3(CO)3] in the presence of tetramethylnaphthalenediamine gives the nineteen-vertex macropolyhedral metallaborane anion [(CO)2MoB16H15C2Ph]− with a molybdenum(VI) twelve-atom coordination sphere

Metallaborane reaction chemistry. A facile and reversible dioxygen capture by a B-frame-supported bimetallic: structure of [(PMe2Ph)(4)(O-2)Pt2B10H10]

[(PMe2Ph)(4)Pt2B10H10] 1 reversibly takes up atmospheric dioxygen to give the fluxional dioxygen-dimetallaborane complex [(PMe2Ph)(4)(O-2)Pt2B10H10] 2, which has Pt-Pt 2.7143(3), Pt-O 2.141(4) and 2.151(4) and O-O 1.434(6) Angstrom

An archaeology of historical reality?: A case study of the recent past

An Aboriginal elder, an archaeologist and a geographer report on an interdisciplinary project about colonial-era settlement in the Murchison and Davenport ranges in the Northern Territory. Oral history, physical evidence and historical records reveal a distinct central Australian cultural landscape and show that archaeology can do more than merely exhume material to support historical \u27realities\u27. This project provides new or improved understandings of (1) colonial technology in pastoral ventures, (2) continuity and change in Aboriginal life following European arrival, (3) social behaviour in colonial settings, and (4) alternatives to Eurocentric Australian histories

COMMON FACTORS AMONG HORSES PERFORMING STEREOTYPIES

Ovdje prikazano istraživanje pokušaj je identificiranja općih karakteristika i čimbenika upravljanja među stereotipovima performance konja. Ako se ti čimbenici mogu identificirati, dobiveno se znanje može upotrijebiti za poboljšanje iskustva domaćih konja s okolinom, manje ih izlažući stresu, te za poboljšanje njihove dobrobiti. Konji toplokrvnog tipa (tj. Thoroughbread/Arap) vjerojatnije su stereotipni u performanci nego konji hladnokrvnog tipa (tj. radni/domaći poni). Toplokrvni konji skloniji su opiranju od hladnokrvnih konja; vjerojatnije je da će reagirati na podražaje okoline aktivnim ponašanjem. Na primjer, vjerojatnije je da će se toplokrvni poplašiti iznenadnih pokreta nego hladnokrvni konji. Može biti da to predisponira toplokrvne konje da reagiraju na taj način na nedostatke u okolini aktivnom shategijom svladavanja poteškoća, kao što su stereotipi. I obratno, hladnokrvni su konji skloni reagiranju na takve poteškoće pasivno, npr. postaju neaktivni i ne reagiraju na okolišne poticaje. Stoga je važno uzeti u obzir obje vrste reagiranja kad pokušavamo ocijeniti dobrobit konja. Stereotipna performanca može upozoriti da je dobrobit konja slaba jer se služi svojim ponašanjem u nastojanju da svlada nedostatke u svojoj okolini. To ne znači da konj koji doživljava istu okolinu ali se ne ponaša stereotipno ima povoljnu dobrobit; on možda primjenjuje pasivnu strategiju svladavanja nedostataka u okolini i prema tome također je slabe dobrobiti. Ova strategija svladavanja poteškoća mnogo manje je očita od stereotipne performance; stoga valja paziti kad se ocjenjuje dobrobit konja da se to ne propusti. Primjenu mjera ponašanja, kao što je pojava stereotipa neaktivnosti i ponašanja izbjegavanja valja popratiti fiziološkim mjerama kao što su rad srca, razina kortizola i hormona te dobivanje i gubitak težine. Ovaj je pristup potreban za mjerenje stupnja do kojeg konj upotrebljava razne strategije svladavanja poteškoća u pokušaju da svlada poteškoće u svojoj okolini. Kad smo to učinili možemo stvoriti zaključke o njegovoj dobrobiti.The research reported on here is an attempt to identify common characteristics and management factors among horses performing stereotypes. If such factors can be identified, this knowledge could be used in order to improve the environment domestic horses experience, subjecting them to less stress and improving their welfare

Forage type influences milk yield and ruminal responses to wheat adaptation in late-lactation dairy cows

peer-reviewedThe effects of different wheat adaptation strategies on ruminal fluid pH, dry matter intake (DMI) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were measured in 28 late-lactation dairy cows. Cows were fed either perennial ryegrass (PRG) hay or alfalfa hay and had no previous wheat adaptation. Wheat was gradually substituted for forage in 3 even increments, over 6 or 11 d, until wheat made up 40% of DMI (∼8 kg of dry matter/cow per day). We found no differences in DMI between adaptation strategies (6 or 11 d) within forage type; however, cows fed alfalfa hay consumed more overall and produced more ECM. The rate of ruminal pH decline after feeding, as well as the decrease in mean, minimum, and maximum ruminal pH with every additional kilogram of wheat was greater for cows fed alfalfa hay. Cows fed alfalfa hay and on the 6-d adaptation strategy had the lowest mean and minimum ruminal fluid pH on 3 consecutive days and were the only treatment group to record pH values below 6.0. Despite ruminal pH declining to levels typically considered low, no other measured parameters indicated compromised fermentation or acidosis. Rather, cows fed alfalfa hay and adapted to wheat over 6 d had greater ECM yields than cows on the 11-d strategy. This was due to the 6-d adaptation strategy increasing the metabolizable energy intake in a shorter period than the 11-d strategy, as substituting wheat for alfalfa hay caused a substantial increase in the metabolizable energy concentration of the diet. We found no difference in ECM between adaptation strategies when PRG hay was fed, as there was no difference in metabolizable energy intake. The higher metabolizable energy concentration and lower intake of the PRG hay meant the increase in metabolizable energy intake with the substitution of wheat was less pronounced for cows consuming PRG hay compared with alfalfa hay. Neither forage type nor adaptation strategy affected time spent ruminating. The higher intakes likely contributed to the lower ruminal pH values from the alfalfa hay treatments. However, both forages allowed the rumen contents to resist the large declines in ruminal pH typically seen during rapid grain adaptation. Depending on the choice of base forage, rapid grain introduction may not result in poor adaptation. In situations where high-energy grains are substituted for a low-energy, high-fiber basal forage, rapid introduction could prove beneficial over gradual strategies

The relationship between early pregnancy dietary intakes and subsequent birthweight and neonatal adiposity

Background: Maternal nutrition intakes may influence neonatal birthweight and adiposity; however, inconsistencies within the literature exist. The relationships between maternal dietary intakes in early pregnancy and both birthweight and neonatal adiposity requires elucidation. This study examined the relationship between early pregnancy dietary intakes and subsequent birthweight and neonatal adiposity. Methods: Women were recruited at their convenience after sonographic confirmation of a singleton pregnancy. Women completed a Willet food frequency questionnaire evaluating habitual food and nutrient intakes at their first antenatal visit. Neonatal body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography. Results: Of the 385 mother-neonate dyads, mean maternal age was 30.8 ± 5.3 years, mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and 41.8% (n = 161) were nulliparous. There were no relationships between maternal food intakes and birthweight (P \u3e 0.05) (n = 385). On multivariable analysis there was a positive relationship between polyunsaturated fat and neonatal fat mass index (FMI) (beta = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.002-0.028, P = 0.04) (n = 80). Conclusion: Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fat in early pregnancy are positively associated with neonatal FMI at birth on multivariable analysis. Further longitudinal studies need to explore this association and the long-term implications for the neonate

Preferences of women for web-based nutritional information in pregnancy

Objectives During pregnancy, women are increasingly turning to web-based resources for information. This study examined the use of web-based nutritional information by women during pregnancy and explored their preferences. Study design Cross-sectional observational study. Methods Women were enrolled at their convenience from a large maternity hospital. Clinical and sociodemographic details were collected and women\u27s use of web-based resources was assessed using a detailed questionnaire. Results Of the 101 women, 41.6% were nulliparous and the mean age was 33.1 years (19–47 years). All women had internet access and only 3% did not own a smartphone. Women derived pregnancy-related nutritional information from a range of online resources, most commonly: What to Expect When You\u27re Expecting (15.1%), Babycenter (12.9%), and Eumom (9.7%). However, 24.7% reported using Google searches. There was minimal use of publically funded or academically supported resources. The features women wanted in a web-based application were recipes (88%), exercise advice (71%), personalized dietary feedback (37%), social features (35%), videos (24%) and cooking demonstrations (23%). Conclusions This survey highlights the risk that pregnant women may get nutritional information from online resources which are not evidence-based. It also identifies features that women want from a web-based nutritional resource

Maternal Anaemia and Folate Intake in Early Pregnancy

The World Health Organization recommends that women take 400 µg of folate supplementation daily throughout pregnancy. We examined the relationship between total folate intake from the diet and supplements at the first prenatal visit and haematological indices at this visit and subsequently

ZZ--Z′Z' mixing and oblique corrections in an SU(3)×U(1){\rm SU(3) \times U(1)} model

A global fit for experiments is included in this revised version.Comment: IFP-460-UNC, TRI-PP-93-11, 20 pages, 2 figures are appende

Use of a web-based dietary assessment tool in early pregnancy

Background Maternal diet is critical to fetal development and lifelong health outcomes. In this context, dietary quality indices in pregnancy should be explicitly underpinned by data correlating food intake patterns with nutrient intakes known to be important for gestation. Aims Our aim was to assess the correlation between dietary quality scores derived from a novel online dietary assessment tool (DAT) and nutrient intake data derived from the previously validated Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire (WFFQ). Methods 524 women completed the validated semiquantitive WFFQ and online DAT questionnaire in their first trimester. Spearman correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to test associations between energy-adjusted and energy-unadjusted nutrient intakes derived from the WFFQ, and diet and nutrition scores obtained from the DAT. Results Positive correlations were observed between respondents’ diet and nutrition scores derived from the online DAT, and their folate, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, zinc and iodine intakes/MJ of energy consumed derived from the WFFQ (all P\0.001). Negative correlations were observed between participants’ diet and nutrition scores and their total energy intake (P = 0.02), and their percentage energy from fat, saturated fat, and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) (all P B 0.001). Median dietary fibre, beta carotene, folate, vitamin C and vitamin D intakes derived from the WFFQ, generally increased across quartiles of diet and nutrition score (all P\0.001). Conclusions Scores generated by this web-based DAT correlate with important nutrient intakes in pregnancy, supporting its use in estimating overall dietary quality among obstetric populations