A brief illustration of the calculation of LBP-TOP value in pixel p in the axial, coronal, and sagittal orientations.

<p>Pixel p is denoted by the red color, with its 3×3 neighborhood circled by a yellow square in the 2D plane. Bin2Dec is a function for transferring binary code to decimal values.</p

Average feature weights yielded by linear SVM in differentiating a) AD from NC, and b) MCI from NC.

<p>In either a) or b), average weights separately obtained from three orthogonal planes are displayed in rows, and different slices along the axial orientation are displayed in columns. The ascending weights are shown from darkness to brightness.</p

Computation time of the proposed model, together with computation times of several widely used pipelines using different tools like SPM, FSL, HAMMER, AIR, LDDMM, and Freesurfer.

<p>Computation time of the proposed model, together with computation times of several widely used pipelines using different tools like SPM, FSL, HAMMER, AIR, LDDMM, and Freesurfer.</p

Seven knowledge-based masks customized for capturing AD-specific morphometry.

<p>These masks covered areas that have been consistently demonstrated as sensitive to AD, including the amygdala (AMG), the entorhinal area (ENT), the hippocampus (HIP), the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), the temporal lobe (TL), the Lateral ventricle (LV), and a mask that combined the aforementioned six masks (OVALL).</p

The classification accuracies with respect three types of features, including type1) intensity-unadjusted image, type2) histogram-equalized image, and type3) LBP-TOP maps.

<p>The performances are shown in in terms of sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and accuracy rate. Specificity, sensitivity and AUC are not shown for failed tests.</p

The between-mask differences of the classification performance evaluated by a two-tailed McNemar's test.

<p>The difference between every two masks was quantified in terms of z-scores. A threshold of z>1.960 was set to find the value beyond the 95% confidence level, which would be equal to p<0.05. In other words, the value z<1.960 indicates no significant difference. OVALL: combined mask. AMG: amygdala. ENT: entorhinal. HIP: hippocampus. PHG: parahippocampal gyrus. TL: temporal lobe. LV: lateral ventricle.</p

The demographics and characteristics of the selected population.

<p>The between-group differences in age and MMSE were assessed with the student's t-test. The differences in gender were evaluated by a two-sided Pearson Chi-Square test.</p

Classification performances with respect to features selected by seven masks in differentiating a) AD from NC, and b) MCI from NC.

<p>The performances were measured in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and AUC. The ROC curves are also displayed in the blue color with a smooth fitting line shown in red.</p

Additional file 2 of Relationship between brain iron dynamics and blood-brain barrier function during childhood: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study

Additional file

Additional file 1 of Relationship between brain iron dynamics and blood-brain barrier function during childhood: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study

Additional file