The New Model of Foreign Aid Drawn from the Experiences of Japan and the United States

This paper compares Japan and the US as they provide different types of capital to the developing world, focusing especially on foreign aid and, to some extent, also on remittances and the role of NGOs. The main focus is on the quality of aid and on past conceptual differences and on an emerging convergence between these two major donors, with Japan having the potential advantage of being able to bring its own historical experience in development to bear.foreign aid, remittances, NGO, Japan, U.S.

Index of Donor Performance (2006 Edition): Selectivity and Project Proliferation Reconsidered

In this paper, we take up the Index of Donor Performance (IDP) constructed by the Center for Global Development (CGD), especially, discussing issues of selectivity and project proliferation in the IDP index. We argue theoretical issues of the Index from the aspect of the aid data characteristics.

The New Model of Foreign Aid Drawn from the Experiences of Japan and the United States

This chapter compares Japan and the US as they provide different types of capital to the developing world, focusing especially on foreign aid and, to some extent, also on remittances and the role of NGOs. The main focus is on the quality of aid and on past conceptual differences and on an emerging convergence between these two major donors, with Japan having the potential advantage of being able to bring its own historical experience in development to bear

Management of Massive Arterial Hemorrhage After Pancreatobiliary Surgery: Does Embolotherapy Contribute to Successful Outcome?

Massive arterial hemorrhage is, although unusual, a life-threatening complication of major pancreatobiliary surgery. Records of 351 patients who underwent major surgery for malignant pancreatobiliary disease were reviewed in this series. Thirteen patients (3.7%) experienced massive hemorrhage after surgery. Complete hemostasis by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or re-laparotomy was achieved in five patients and one patient, respectively. However, 7 of 13 cases ended in fatality, which is a 54% mortality rate. Among six survivors, one underwent selective TAE for a pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery (RHA). Three patients underwent TAE proximal to the proper hepatic artery (PHA): hepatic inflow was maintained by successful TAE of the gastroduodenal artery in two and via a well-developed subphrenic artery in one. One patient had TAE of the celiac axis for a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery (SPA), and hepatic inflow was maintained by the arcades around the pancreatic head. One patient who experienced a pseudoaneurysm of the RHA after left hemihepatectomy successfully underwent re-laparotomy, ligation of RHA, and creation of an ileocolic arterioportal shunt. In contrast, four of seven patients with fatal outcomes experienced hepatic infarction following TAE proximal to the PHA or injury of the common hepatic artery during angiography. One patient who underwent a major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct cancer had a recurrent hemorrhage after TAE of the gastroduodenal artery and experienced hepatic failure. In the two patients with a pseudoaneurysm of the SPA or the superior mesenteric artery, an emergency re-laparotomy was required to obtain hemostasis because of worsening clinical status. Selective TAE distal to PHA or in the SPA is usually successful. TAE proximal to PHA must be restricted to cases where collateral hepatic blood flow exists. Otherwise or for a pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery, endovascular stenting, temporary creation of an ileocolic arterioportal shunt, or vascular reconstruction by re-laparotomy is an alternative

High-resolution seismic reflection profiling across the Senya fault at Hanaoka, northern Honshu, Japan: Data acquisition and processing

The Senya fault, northern Honshu, Japan, which generated the Rikuu earthquake (Mj 7.2) 1896, is a typical intra-arc active thrust. Subsurface geometry provides essential information for better understanding strong ground motions and crustal deformation processes. A high-resolution seismic reflection survey was conducted along the 63km long seismic line across the toe of the thrust to reveal the subsurface geometry. The seismic source was a Mini-vibrator truck and the receiver interval was 10 m. The seismic data were processed by the standard common mid-point method. The Senya fault is clearly identified as a boundary between horizontal reflectors of the basin fill in the Yokote basin and moderately dipping reflectors beneath the Senya hills. The thrust occurred in late Miocene mudstone, and shows a flat and ramp geometry. The emergent thrust dips 30 degrees down to 500m, and changes its dip to subhorizontal following the distribution of the mudstone

The New Model of Foreign Aid Drawn from the Experiences of Japan and the United States

This paper compares Japan and the US as they provide different types of capital to the developing world, focusing especially on foreign aid and, to some extent, also on remittances and the role of NGOs. The main focus is on the quality of aid and on past conceptual differences and on an emerging convergence between these two major donors, with Japan having the potential advantage of being able to bring its own historical experience in development to bear